Skip to content

Instantly share code, notes, and snippets.

@skanev
Last active August 29, 2015 14:14
Show Gist options
  • Save skanev/1bcc776d7f8ca4d0371f to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop.
Save skanev/1bcc776d7f8ca4d0371f to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop.
My "slides" from WCEU 2014
# encoding: utf-8
def annotate(string, code = '4')
string.gsub(/@(.*?)@/, "\e[#{code}m\\1\e[0m")
end
def colorize(string)
string.gsub(/#(.*?)#/, "\e[\\1m").gsub(/##/, "\e[0m")
end
block colorize(<<-EOS)
┌───────────────── Dimension test ─────────────────┐
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ Color Test │
│ │
│ #90#█████ The quick brown fox jumps over the## │
│ #31#█████ The quick brown fox jumps over the## │
│ #1##31#█████ The quick brown fox jumps over the## │
│ #32#█████ The quick brown fox jumps over the## │
│ #36#█████ The quick brown fox jumps over the## │
│ █████ The quick brown fox jumps over the## │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
EOS
block colorize <<-EOS.chomp
##
#1#F U N C T I O N A L P R O G R A M M I N G##
What's the fuss all about?
Stefan Kanev WordCamp Europe
#36#\@skanev 27 September 2014##
EOS
section 'Audience participation time' do
block <<-EOS
Who hates audience participation questions?
EOS
block <<-EOS
That's it!
EOS
end
block colorize <<-EOS
#1#\$ whoami##
\a
- programmer
\a
• currently: Ruby, (Java|Coffee)Script
\a• in the past: Java, PHP, Perl, Python
\e[0m
EOS
image 'pics/proglangs.jpg'
block colorize <<-EOS
#1#\$ whoami##
- programmer
• currently: Ruby, (Java|Coffee)Script
• in the past: Java, PHP, Perl, Python
- interests
\a• programming languages
\a• theoretical things
\a• practical things
\a- often playing the Devil's advocate
\a- @skanev (twitter, github)
EOS
section 'Functional programming!' do
center annotate <<-EOS, 90
LISP
@(the grandfather of FP)@
Haskell
@(the popular thing)@
Scala
@(the… not really sure what)@
JavaScript
@(occasionally)@
EOS
block annotate <<-EOS, 1
@What@ is functional programming?
EOS
block colorize <<-EOS
Functional programming is a
_ _
| | | |
| |__ _ _ __________ _____ _ __ __| |
| '_ \\| | | |_ /_ /\\ \\ /\\ / / _ \\| '__/ _` |
| |_) | |_| |/ / / / \\ V V / (_) | | | (_| |
|_.__/ \\__,_/___/___| \\_/\\_/ \\___/|_| \\__,_|
#38;5;241#“Now: 50% more functional”##
EOS
center colorize <<-EOS
Don't talk about
#1#“functional programming”##
Instead, talk about
#1#specific language features##
EOS
center annotate <<-EOS, 1
IMHO when they say "FP" they mean:
@Immutable & no side effects@
@Higher-order functions@
@Strong typing@
EOS
end
def section_title(n)
sections = [
'Immutability & no-side effects ',
'Higher-order functions',
'Strong typing',
]
sections[n].upcase!.sub!(/\A.*\Z/, "\e[1m\\0\e[0m")
sections.join("\n\n")
end
section section_title(2) do
center <<-EOS
I'm not into static/strong typing
\a
You probably aren't either
\a
But: Devil's advocate! 😈
\a
Let's pretend we are
EOS
block colorize <<-EOS
❯ If the only type systems I knew were C, C++,
Java, or Go's, I'd be a Ruby programmer too.
#90#twitter.com/sunahsuh/status/512666588361658369##
EOS
center colorize <<-EOS
Type systems can be
#1#P O W E R F U L##
EOS
block colorize <<-EOS
TYPE SYSTEMS CAN
────────────────
• detect a lot of errors at compile time
• generate a lot more efficient code
• be a useful documentation in some systems
EOS
end
section section_title(0) do
block colorize <<-EOS
#define immutable
─────────────────
• Creating copies instead of modifying
• No (re-)assignment
• Referential transparency
#38;5;240#(same fn args → always same result)##
EOS
block annotate <<-EOS, '38;5;242'
copy, don't modify
──────────────────
@// mutable:@
@// modifies array in place@
sort( $items );
@// immutable:@
@// returns a copy@
array_reverse( $items );
EOS
block annotate <<-EOS, '38;5;242'
No re-assignment
────────────────
@// reassignment:@
$name = getName();
if ( !$name ) {
$name = 'N/A';
}
@// no reassingment:@
$name = getName() ?: 'N/A';
EOS
block annotate <<-EOS, '38;5;242'
Referential transparency
────────────────────────
@// not referentially transparent:@
$now = date( DATE_RFC2822 );
$id = mysqli_insert_id( $db );
@// referentially transparent:@
$say_it = array_reverse( $alphabet );
@Also called "pure functions"@
EOS
center annotate <<-EOS, 1
With those three, the code becomes
@D E C L A R A T I V E@
as opposed to
@I M P E R A T I V E@
EOS
center annotate <<-EOS, 1
We tell the computer
@"what we want"@
Instead of telling it
@"how to do it"@
EOS
center annotate <<-EOS, 1
Consider a metaphor…\a
Declarative is like showing
@a picture of a dish@\a
Imperative is like giving
@the recipe@
EOS
image 'pics/pancakes.jpg'
block <<-EOS
PANCAKES
────────
1. Sift flour, b. powder, salt and sugar
2. Make a well in the center
3. Pour in milk, egg and melted butter
4. Mix until smooth
5. Heat an oiled griddle med. high heat
6. Pour the batter for each
7. Brown on both sides and serve hot
EOS
block <<-EOS
???? ????????
─────────────
1. Preheat oven to 400°F
2. Stir together flour, b. powder, salt & sugar
3. Make a well in the center
4. In a small bowl, beat egg with a fork
5. Stir in milk and oil
6. Pour all at once into the well
7. Mix quickly & lightly with until moistened
8. Pour the batter into forms
9. Bake for 25 minutes, or until golden
EOS
image 'pics/muffins.jpg'
block <<-EOS
You have to pretend
you're the computer
EOS
center <<-EOS
Don't be a computer,
you're a human ;-)
EOS
end
section section_title(1) do
block <<-EOS
Higher-order functions
──────────────────────
Funtions that take other
functions as arguments
or return functions.
EOS
center annotate <<-EOS, 1
HOFs allow us to
@say more with less@
and give us
@better abstractions@.
EOS
code <<-EOS, :php
SORTING
───────
// By length of name
usort( $items, function( $a, $b ) {
return strlen( $a ) - strlen( $b );
} );
usort( $items, function( $a, $b ) {
return strcmp(
explode( ' ', $a )[1],
explode( ' ', $b )[1]
);
} );
EOS
end
section 'Code examples' do
image 'pics/gauss.jpg'
block <<-EOS
1 + 2 + 3 + … + 100 = ?
EOS
end
section 'Summing up 1 to 100' do
code <<-EOS, :php
$sum = 0;
for ( $i = 0; $i <= 100; $i++ ) {
$sum += $i;
}
print $sum;
EOS
code <<-EOS, :php
array_sum( range( 0, 100 ) )
EOS
center annotate <<-EOS, 1
Second version is obviously better
Let's dig into @why@
EOS
block annotate <<-EOS, 36
@Declarative, not imperative@
@───────────────────────────@
@HOW@: $sum = 0;
for ( $i = 0; $i <= 100; $i++ ) {
$sum += $i;
}
@WHAT@: array_sum( range( 0, 100 ) );
EOS
center annotate <<-EOS, 1
Another way to think about it:
@E S S E N T I A L@
vs.
@A C C I D E N T A L@
complexity
EOS
block annotate <<-EOS, 36
@Essential vs. accidental@
@────────────────────────@
@ACCIDENTAL@: $sum = 0;
for ( $i = 0; $i < 100; $i++ ) {
$sum += $i;
}
@ESSENTIAL@: array_sum( range( 0, 100 ) );
EOS
block annotate <<-EOS, 36
@Side effects@
@────────────@
$sum = 0;
for ( $i = 0; $i < 100; @$i++@ ) {
$sum @+=@ $i;
}
EOS
block 'By the way…'
block annotate <<-EOS, 36
The 2 hardest things in computer science
────────────────────────────────────────
\a
• Cache invalidation
\a
• Naming things
\a
• Off-by-one errors
EOS
block annotate <<-EOS, 36
@Off-by-one risks@
@────────────────@
$sum = 0;
for ( $i = 0; $i @<=@ 100; $i++ ) {
$sum += $i;
}
EOS
block annotate <<-EOS, 36
@Off-by-one errors@
@─────────────────@
$sum = 0;
for ( $i = 0; $i \e[31m<\e[0m 100; @$i++@ ) {
$sum @+=@ $i;
}
EOS
end
section 'Sending email' do
block <<-EOS
Problem
───────
You need to send a newsletter to
all your active users. How do you
get their addresses?
EOS
code <<-EOS, :php
$emails = [];
foreach ( $users as $user ) {
if ( $user->active ) {
$emails[] = $user->email;
}
}
EOS
block <<-EOS
oooo
`888
888 .oo. .ooooo. oooo oooo ooo
888P"Y88b d88' `88b `88. `88. .8'
888 888 888 888 `88..]88..8'
888 888 888 888 `888'`888'
o888o o888o `Y8bod8P' `8' `8'
EOS
block <<-EOS
oooo .
`888 .o8
oooo oooo ooo 888 .oo. .oooo. .o888oo
`88. `88. .8' 888P"Y88b `P )88b 888
`88..]88..8' 888 888 .oP"888 888
`888'`888' 888 888 d8( 888 888 .
`8' `8' o888o o888o `Y888""8o "888"
EOS
code <<-EOS, :php
$active = array_filter( $users, function( $u ) {
return $u->active;
} );
$emails = array_map( function( $u ) {
return $u->email;
}, $active );
EOS
code <<-EOS, :php
array_map(
function( $u ) {
return $u->email;
},
array_filter( $users, function( $u ) {
return $u->active;
} ) );
EOS
block <<-EOS
…but is that better?
EOS
code <<-EOS, :javascript
JavaScript
──────────
users
.filter(function(u) { return u.active })
.map(function(u) { return u.email });
EOS
code <<-EOS, :coffee
CoffeeScript
────────────
users
.filter((u) -> u.active)
.map((u) -> u.email)
EOS
code <<-EOS, :php
Back to PHP
───────────
array_map(
function( $u ) { return $u->email; },
array_filter( $users, function( $u ) {
return $u->active;
} ) );
// Noise and inconsistency
// Yet, conceptually simpler
// → Very readable
EOS
center <<-EOS
Not convinced yet?
Let's talk about readibility…
EOS
block colorize <<-EOS
You know you are working with clean code
when each routine you read turns out to
be pretty much what you expected.
#90#— Ward Cunningham##
EOS
block <<-EOS
Should be self-evident, right?\a
As in natural languages?\a
Let's run an experiment!\a
Two sentences, same meaning: which is more readable?\a
Ready?
EOS
verbatim <<-EOS
\e[0m
ルビを使って嬉しい開発者になる。
ルビを使って嬉しいソフトウェアを作る人になる。
EOS
center annotate <<-EOS, 1
Readibility depends on the reader too!
You must know the alphabet to read
EOS
block colorize <<-EOS
LIST COMPREHENSIONS
───────────────────
• map + filter is so useful, that it has a name\a
• Python has them:
[u.email for u in users if u.active]\a
• PHP might have the some day:
[foreach ($users as $u)
if $u->active
yield $u->email]
#90#markmail.org/thread/uvendztpe2rrwiif##
EOS
end
#section 'Grouping things' do
#block <<-EOS
#We have an array of people.
#Can we group them by arbitrary things?
#Like country?
#[
#'Bulgaria' => [$ivan, $marin],
#'Sweden' => [$sven, $jon, $martin],
#…
#]
#EOS
#code <<-EOS, :php
#group_by( $people, function( $u ) {
#return $u->countryName;
#} )
#EOS
#code <<-EOS, :php
#function group_by( $items, $func ) {
#$grouped = [];
#foreach ( $items as $item ) {
#$key = $func( $item );
#if ( ! isset( $grouped[ $key ] ) ) {
#$grouped[ $key ] = [];
#}
#$grouped[ $key ][] = $item;
#}
#return $grouped;
#}
#EOS
#center <<-EOS
#Did you see anything fishy?\a
#There were side-effects!\a
#OTOH it was ref. transparent\a
#It's philosophical!
#EOS
#block <<-EOS
#If a tree falls in the woods,
#does it make a sound?
#If a pure function mutates some
#local data in order to produce an
#immutable return value, is that ok?
#EOS
#end
section 'In conclusion' do
block annotate <<-EOS, 1
Say @what@ instead of @how@!
EOS
block annotate <<-EOS, 1
Readibility is @subjective@! (ルビー)
EOS
block annotate <<-EOS, 1
It's a @buzzword@!
EOS
end
section 'Thank you'
block colorize <<-EOS
QUESTIONS?
──────────
• Say #1#what## instead of #1#how##!
• Readibility is #1#subjective##! (ルビー)
• It's a #1#buzzword##!
#90#\@skanev##
EOS
Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment