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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1 plus MathML 2.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml2/xhtml-math11-f.dtd"> | |
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> | |
<head> | |
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="LyX 2.4.0-beta2" /> | |
<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" /> | |
<title>LyX Document</title> | |
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<body dir="auto"> | |
<h2 class='section_' id='magicparlabel-1'>Ejercicio 3a</h2> | |
<blockquote class='quotation' id='magicparlabel-2'> | |
<div class="quotation_item">Demuestra que el conjunto:<a id="eq_s" /><math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mtable displaystyle='true'> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>S</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>{</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>x</mi> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mi>y</mi> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mi>z</mi> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow><mo>∈</mo> | |
<msup> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='double-struck'> | |
<mi>R</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</msup> | |
<mspace/> | |
<mo>|</mo> | |
<mspace width="10px"/> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mi>x</mi> | |
<mo>+</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mi>y</mi> | |
<mo>-</mo> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mi>y</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>}</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mtext>(1)</mtext> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
</mtable></math>es un subespacio de <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<msup> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='double-struck'> | |
<mi>R</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</msup> | |
</mrow></math>.</div> | |
<div class="quotation_item"><div style='height:5ex'></div>Por tratarse de objetos de cuatro coordenadas (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>x</mi> | |
</mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>y</mi> | |
</mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>z</mi> | |
</mrow></math> y <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mrow></math>), lo más probable es que se trate de un subespacio de <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<msup> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='double-struck'> | |
<mi>R</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</msup> | |
</mrow></math>. Sin embargo, lo ideal es comprobarlo bien comprobado atendiendo a los axiomas que definen un espacio lineal (que se vieron en el tema 3). Vamos a empezar pasando de la notación de ecuaciones (la que nos dan en el enunciado) a la de vectores de <em>toda la vida</em>:</div> | |
</blockquote> | |
<ul class='lyxitem lyxitemi' id='magicparlabel-4'> | |
<li class="itemize_item">Primero fusionamos ambas ecuaciones (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mi>x</mi> | |
<mo>+</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mi>y</mi> | |
<mo>-</mo> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math> y <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>y</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math>):<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mi>x</mi> | |
<mo>+</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mi>y</mi> | |
<mo>-</mo> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mi>y</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn><mo>⟶</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mi>x</mi> | |
<mo>-</mo> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn><mo>⟶</mo> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mi>x</mi> | |
<mspace width="6px"/> | |
<mn>.</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math></li> | |
<li class="itemize_item">Con esta nueva relación (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mi>x</mi> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math>) ya podemos pasar a notación de lista de números (es decir, vectores en el espacio).<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>x</mi> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mi>z</mi> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mi>x</mi> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow><mo>⟶</mo> | |
<mi>x</mi><mo>⋅</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>+</mo> | |
<mi>z</mi><mo>⋅</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math></li> | |
<li class="itemize_item">Expresado como subespacio, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>S</mi> | |
</mrow></math> es aquel generado por la base <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='script'> | |
<mi>S</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
</mrow></math> (conformada a su vez por los vectores <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>s</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow></math>y <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>s</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow></math>): <math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mtable> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>s</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mspace width="40px"/> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>s</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</mstyle> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='script'> | |
<mi>S</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>{</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>s</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>s</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>}</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mspace width="6px"/> | |
<mn>.</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
</mtable> | |
</mrow></math></li> | |
<li class="itemize_item">Además, ambos vectores generadores (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>s</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow></math>y <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>s</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow></math>) son linealmente independientes ya que es imposible poner <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>s</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow></math> como combinación lineal de <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>s</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow></math>:<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>s</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub><mo>≠</mo><mi>λ</mi> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>s</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math></li> | |
<li class="itemize_item">Con todo esto, podemos afirmar que <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>S</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟨</mo> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='script'> | |
<mi>S</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟩</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math> es, efectivamente, de un subespacio de <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<msup> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='double-struck'> | |
<mi>R</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</msup> | |
</mrow></math> y además tiene <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow><mo>dim</mo> | |
<mi>S</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math>.</li> | |
</ul> | |
<h2 class='section_' id='magicparlabel-9'>Ejercicio 3b</h2> | |
<div class='standard' id='magicparlabel-10'>Sea el subespacio <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>T</mi> | |
</mrow></math> generado por la base:<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='script'> | |
<mi>T</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>{</mo> | |
<mrow><mover accent='false'> | |
<mover> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow><mo stretchy="true">⏞</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub></mover> | |
<mo>,</mo><mover accent='false'> | |
<mover> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow><mo stretchy="true">⏞</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub></mover> | |
<mo>,</mo><mover accent='false'> | |
<mover> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow><mo stretchy="true">⏞</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
</msub></mover> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>}</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mspace width="6px"/> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math>calcula su dimensión y una base.<div style='height:5ex'></div></div> | |
<ul class='lyxitem lyxitemi' id='magicparlabel-11'> | |
<li class="itemize_item">Expresando <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='script'> | |
<mi>T</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
</mrow></math> en forma matricial y escalonando (lo dejo a vosotros), encontraríamos:<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow><mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true' lspace='thinmathspace'>(</mo> | |
<mtable> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
</mtable><mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true' lspace='thinmathspace'>)</mo><mover accent='false'><mo>⟹</mo> | |
<mtext>escalonando</mtext></mover><mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true' lspace='thinmathspace'>(</mo> | |
<mtable> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo>-</mo> | |
<mn>8</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
</mtable><mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true' lspace='thinmathspace'>)</mo> | |
<mspace width="6px"/> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math>cuyo rango es 3 (y por lo tanto, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow><mo>dim</mo> | |
<mi>T</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math>). Por lo tanto, una base puede estar constituida por los integrantes de <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='script'> | |
<mi>T</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
</mrow></math> sin problemas. Es decir, la misma base que el propio enunciado: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='script'> | |
<mi>T</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>{</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>}</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math>. Eso sí, podemos buscar una nueva base ortonormal (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>{</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>}</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math>) mediante el proceso de Gram-Schmidt.</li> | |
<li class="itemize_item">Cojamos <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow></math> como vector de partida (simplemente porque es el más sencillo y ya está ortonormalizado) y ese ya lo definimos como primer vector de la base ortonormal:<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mspace width="6px"/> | |
<mn>.</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math></li> | |
<li class="itemize_item">Calculemos el segundo vector <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow></math> a partir de <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow></math> y <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow></math>:<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mtable displaystyle='true'> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>-</mo> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟨</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>|</mo> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟩</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟨</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>|</mo> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟩</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mfrac> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>-</mo> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟨</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>|</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟩</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟨</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>|</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟩</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mfrac><mo>⋅</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>-</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn><mo>⋅</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow><mover accent='false'><mo>⟶</mo> | |
<mtext>normalizando</mtext></mover> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<msqrt> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟨</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>|</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟩</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</msqrt> | |
</mfrac> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<msqrt> | |
<mn>26</mn> | |
</msqrt> | |
</mfrac> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
<msqrt> | |
<mn>26</mn> | |
</msqrt> | |
</mfrac> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<msqrt> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mn>13</mn> | |
</mfrac> | |
</msqrt> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
</mtable></math></li> | |
<li class="itemize_item">Calculamos ahora <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow></math> a partir de <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow></math>y <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow></math>:<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mtable displaystyle='true'> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>-</mo> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟨</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>|</mo> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟩</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟨</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>|</mo> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟩</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mfrac> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>-</mo> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟨</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>|</mo> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟩</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟨</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>|</mo> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟩</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mfrac> | |
<msub> | |
<mover> | |
<mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="true">ˆ</mo> | |
</mover> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>-</mo> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟨</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>|</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟩</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟨</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>|</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟩</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mfrac><mo>⋅</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>-</mo> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟨</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>|</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<msqrt> | |
<mn>26</mn> | |
</msqrt> | |
</mfrac> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
<msqrt> | |
<mn>26</mn> | |
</msqrt> | |
</mfrac> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<msqrt> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mn>13</mn> | |
</mfrac> | |
</msqrt> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟩</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟨</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<msqrt> | |
<mn>26</mn> | |
</msqrt> | |
</mfrac> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
<msqrt> | |
<mn>26</mn> | |
</msqrt> | |
</mfrac> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<msqrt> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mn>13</mn> | |
</mfrac> | |
</msqrt> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>|</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<msqrt> | |
<mn>26</mn> | |
</msqrt> | |
</mfrac> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
<msqrt> | |
<mn>26</mn> | |
</msqrt> | |
</mfrac> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<msqrt> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mn>13</mn> | |
</mfrac> | |
</msqrt> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟩</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mfrac><mo>⋅</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<msqrt> | |
<mn>26</mn> | |
</msqrt> | |
</mfrac> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
<msqrt> | |
<mn>26</mn> | |
</msqrt> | |
</mfrac> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<msqrt> | |
<mfrac> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mn>13</mn> | |
</mfrac> | |
</msqrt> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
</mtable></math></li> | |
</ul> | |
<h2 class='section_' id='magicparlabel-15'>Ejercicio 3c </h2> | |
<div class='standard' id='magicparlabel-16'>Calcular una base <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>S</mi> | |
<mo>+</mo> | |
<mi>T</mi> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math>. <div style='height:5ex'></div>Esto es sencillo pues sólo tenemos que buscar aquellos vectores del conjunto <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='script'> | |
<mi>T</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mo>+</mo> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='script'> | |
<mi>S</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>{</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>s</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</msub> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<msub> | |
<mstyle mathvariant='bold'> | |
<mi>s</mi> | |
</mstyle> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</msub> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>}</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math> que sean libres:<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow><mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true' lspace='thinmathspace'>(</mo> | |
<mtable> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
</mtable><mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true' lspace='thinmathspace'>)</mo><mover accent='false'><mo>⟹</mo> | |
<mtext>escalonando</mtext></mover><mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true' lspace='thinmathspace'>(</mo> | |
<mtable> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
</mtable><mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true' lspace='thinmathspace'>)</mo> | |
<mspace width="6px"/> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math>con lo que el espacio suma <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>S</mi> | |
<mo>+</mo> | |
<mi>T</mi> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math> estaría generad por la base:<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>S</mi> | |
<mo>+</mo> | |
<mi>T</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟨</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>{</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>}</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟩</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mspace width="6px"/> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math>y, por tanto, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow><mo>dim</mo> | |
<mi>S</mi> | |
<mo>+</mo> | |
<mi>T</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math>.</div> | |
<h2 class='section_' id='magicparlabel-17'>Ejercicio 3d</h2> | |
<div class='standard' id='magicparlabel-18'>Calcular una base de <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>S</mi><mo>∩</mo> | |
<mi>T</mi> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math>. <div style='height:5ex'></div>Para ello ahora tenemos que hacer el paso inverso con el subespacio <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>T</mi> | |
</mrow></math>, es decir: pasar de su expresión como espacio generado por vectores a espacio <em>constreñido</em> por ecuaciones:<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>x</mi> | |
<mo>'</mo> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mi>y</mi> | |
<mo>'</mo> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mi>z</mi> | |
<mo>'</mo> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
<mo>'</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>=</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>⋅</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>3</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>+</mo><mi>β</mi><mo>⋅</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo>+</mo><mi>γ</mi><mo>⋅</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>1</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mspace width="6px"/> | |
<mn>.</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math>Desarrollando, tenemos:<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>{</mo> | |
<mtable> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>x</mi> | |
<mo>'</mo> | |
<mo>=</mo><mi>α</mi> | |
<mo>'</mo> | |
<mo>+</mo><mi>γ</mi> | |
<mo>'</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow/> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>y</mi> | |
<mo>'</mo> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn><mi>α</mi> | |
<mo>'</mo> | |
<mo>+</mo><mi>β</mi> | |
<mo>'</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow/> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>z</mi> | |
<mo>'</mo> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>3</mn><mi>α</mi> | |
<mo>'</mo> | |
<mo>+</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn><mi>γ</mi> | |
<mo>'</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow/> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
<mo>'</mo> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>4</mn><mi>α</mi> | |
<mo>'</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow/> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
</mtable> | |
<mspace width="6px"/> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math></div> | |
<div class='standard' id='magicparlabel-19'>Los vectores que pertenezcan a la intersección de los dos subespacios <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>S</mi> | |
</mrow></math> y <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>T</mi> | |
</mrow></math> serán aquellos cuyas componentes cumplan también las relaciones de <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>S</mi> | |
</mrow></math>, es decir, las de la Expresión <a href="#eq_s">(1)</a>. Al final, obtendríamos estas ecuaciones:<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>{</mo> | |
<mtable> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>x</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>2</mn><mi>α</mi> | |
<mo>'</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow/> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>y</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow/> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>z</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>5</mn><mi>α</mi> | |
<mo>'</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow/> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
<mtr> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>t</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mn>4</mn><mi>α</mi> | |
<mo>'</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mtd> | |
<mtd> | |
<mrow/> | |
</mtd> | |
</mtr> | |
</mtable> | |
<mspace width="6px"/> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math>que como vector puede expresarse como <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>5</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math>. Por tanto, el espacio <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>S</mi><mo>∩</mo> | |
<mi>T</mi> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math> será aquel generado por:<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | |
<mrow> | |
<mrow> | |
<mi>S</mi><mo>∩</mo> | |
<mi>T</mi> | |
<mo>=</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟨</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>{</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mo form='prefix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>(</mo> | |
<mrow> | |
<mn>2</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>0</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>5</mn> | |
<mo>,</mo> | |
<mn>4</mn> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>)</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>}</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mo form='postfix' fence='true' stretchy='true' symmetric='true'>⟩</mo> | |
</mrow> | |
<mtext> | |
<mn>.</mn></mtext> | |
</mrow> | |
</mrow></math></div> | |
</body> | |
</html> |
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