Skip to content

Instantly share code, notes, and snippets.

@ninadhatkar

ninadhatkar/system-design.md

Last active September 17, 2024 05:39
Show Gist options
  • Save ninadhatkar/2b10c4df3ec044ead9ce5cfc10f07466 to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop.
Save ninadhatkar/2b10c4df3ec044ead9ce5cfc10f07466 to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop.
Download ZIP
Designing a system from scratch and ensuring its smooth first deployment involves several key phases. Here's a step-by-step approach that incorporates both system design principles and deployment processes:
Raw
system-design.md

Designing a system from scratch and ensuring its smooth first deployment involves several key phases. Here's a step-by-step approach that incorporates both system design principles and deployment processes:

1. Requirement Gathering

Identify Stakeholders: Understand who will use the system and their needs. Functional Requirements: What the system should do (e.g., user actions, input/output). Non-Functional Requirements: Performance, scalability, security, reliability, compliance. Assumptions & Constraints: External factors like budget, time, existing systems, compliance regulations, and hardware limitations.

2. High-Level System Design

Define Core Components: Identify key components of the system (frontend, backend, database, APIs, etc.). Decide on Architectural Patterns: Monolithic vs. Microservices: Choose based on scalability, flexibility, and deployment requirements. Layered, Event-Driven, or Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) depending on the complexity. Select Technology Stack: Based on the functional requirements, choose the programming languages, frameworks, databases, and infrastructure. Frontend (e.g., React, Angular, Vue.js) Backend (e.g., Node.js, Spring Boot) Database (SQL, NoSQL, Cloud-native databases) Cloud Platform (AWS, GCP, Azure)

3. Detailed System Design

Design APIs: If using microservices, design REST or GraphQL APIs. Data Models: Define entities, relationships, and the database schema. Component Interaction: Design how components (e.g., frontend-backend, services-database) interact. Sequence diagrams for interaction flows. Class diagrams or entity-relationship diagrams (ERD) for data modeling. Scaling and Caching: Plan for horizontal scaling, load balancers, and caching layers (e.g., Redis). Security: Plan for authentication, authorization, encryption, and data privacy.

4. Infrastructure Design

Containerization: Plan to containerize the application (e.g., Docker). Orchestration: Use Kubernetes or similar tools for container orchestration. CI/CD Pipeline: Use tools like Jenkins, GitLab CI, or GitHub Actions for automated builds, testing, and deployment. Monitoring & Logging: Select tools for monitoring performance and errors (e.g., Prometheus, Grafana, ELK Stack). Implement logging (e.g., Logstash, Splunk) for application and system events.

5. Prototyping

Build a simple version of your system that addresses the core functionalities (Proof of Concept or MVP). Test the key interactions and workflows. Adjust your architecture based on early feedback.

6. Development Process

Agile Methodology: Use iterative development methods (e.g., Scrum or Kanban) to deliver incremental features. Version Control: Use Git to manage codebase changes. Unit Testing: Write unit tests for core functionality (JUnit for Java, Mocha for Node.js, etc.).

7. Set Up CI/CD Pipeline

Version Control Integration: Set up automated builds with the CI/CD tool when code is pushed. Automated Testing: Run unit, integration, and end-to-end tests during the CI/CD process. Build Container Images: Ensure each successful build creates a Docker image. Environment Management: Separate development, testing, and production environments.

8. Cloud & Infrastructure Setup

Provision Infrastructure: Set up cloud resources (servers, databases, load balancers) on your chosen cloud platform (AWS, GCP, Azure). Deploy Using Kubernetes: Set up Kubernetes clusters for scaling and managing your containerized services. Storage Setup: Configure persistent storage (e.g., AWS S3, GCP Buckets) if needed for files or backups. Configure Networking: Plan for internal and external networking (VPCs, subnets, firewalls, etc.).

9. Security Implementation

API Security: Use OAuth, JWT, or API keys for securing APIs. Data Encryption: Encrypt sensitive data at rest and in transit. Infrastructure Security: Secure servers, configure firewalls, and implement SSL/TLS for encrypted communication. Access Control: Use roles and permission management systems for user authorization.

10. First Deployment Process

Pre-Deployment: Perform code reviews and finalize the codebase. Ensure that tests pass and all dependencies are included. Set up deployment scripts or use Infrastructure-as-Code (e.g., Terraform, CloudFormation). Deploy to Staging: Deploy the system in a staging environment to simulate production. Test all functionalities, run load tests, and verify system performance. Deploy to Production: Deploy the system in production once the staging tests pass. Ensure that rollback plans are in place in case of failure.

11. Post-Deployment Monitoring

System Health Checks: Monitor system performance, resource usage, and load. Bug Fixing: Address any issues found after deployment. Feedback Loop: Get feedback from users and stakeholders, and iteratively improve the system.

12. Documentation & Handover

Create technical documentation for developers, system architecture, and workflows. If applicable, provide user manuals or guides for end-users. Ensure team members are trained to maintain the system. This approach should help guide you from conceptualization through the first successful deployment of the system. If you have any specific context or need to dive deeper into a phase, feel free to ask!

Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment