Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Taxonomy

Subset Hierarchical Display

The IEEE Taxonomy comprises the first three hierarchical 'levels' under each term-family (or branch) that is formed from the top-most terms of the IEEE Thesaurus. In this document these term-families are arranged alphabetically and denoted by boldface type. Each term family’s hierarchy goes to no more than three sublevels, denoted by indents (in groups of four dots) preceding the next level terms.

A term can appear in more than one hierarchical branch and can appear more than once in any particular hierarchy. The 2014 IEEE Taxonomy is defined in this way so that it is always a subset of the 2014 IEEE Thesaurus.

Thesaurus Terms

1. Aerospace and electronic systems

1. Aerospace control

   1. Air traffic control

   2. Attitude control

   3. Ground support

2. Aerospace engineering

   1. Aerospace biophysics

   2. Aerospace electronics

   3. Aerospace safety

      1. Air safety

   4. Aerospace simulation

   5. Aerospace testing

   6. Satellites

      1. Artificial satellites

      2. Earth Observing System

      3. Low earth orbit satellites

      4. Moon

      5. Space stations

   7. Space technology

      1. Space exploration

3. Aerospace materials

   1. Aerospace components

4. Aircraft manufacture

5. Aircraft navigation

6. Aircraft propulsion

   1. Propellers

7. Command and control systems

8. Electronic warfare

   1. Electronic countermeasures

   2. Jamming

   3. Radar countermeasures

9. Military equipment

   1. Military aircraft

      1. Payloads

   2. Military satellites

   3. Weapons

      1. Guns

      2. Missiles

      3. Nuclear weapons

      4. Projectiles

10. Radar

    1. Airborne radar

    2. Bistatic radar

    3. Doppler radar

    4. Ground penetrating radar

    5. Laser radar

    6. Meteorological radar

    7. Millimeter wave radar

    8. Multistatic radar

       1. MIMO radar

    9. Passive radar

    10. Radar applications

        1. Radar countermeasures

        2. Radar detection

        3. Radar imaging

        4. Radar measurements

        5. Radar polarimetry

        6. Radar remote sensing

        7. Radar tracking

    11. Radar clutter

    12. Radar cross-sections

    13. Radar equipment

    14. Radar theory

    15. Spaceborne radar

    16. Spread spectrum radar

    17. Synthetic aperture radar

        1. Inverse synthetic aperture radar

        2. Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar

    18. Ultra wideband radar

11. Sensor systems

    1. Gunshot detection systems

12. Sonar

    1. Sonar applications

       1. Sonar detection

       2. Sonar measurements

    2. Sonar equipment

    3. Synthetic aperture sonar

13. Telemetry

    1. Biomedical telemetry

2. Antennas and propagation

1. Antennas

   1. Antenna accessories

   2. Antenna arrays

      1. Adaptive arrays

      2. Butler matrices

      3. Linear antenna arrays

      4. Log periodic antennas

      5. Microstrip antenna arrays

      6. Microwave antenna arrays

      7. Phased arrays

      8. Planar arrays

   3. Antenna radiation patterns

      1. Near-field radiation pattern

   4. Antenna theory

      1. Frequency selective surfaces

   5. Apertures

      1. Aperture antennas

      2. Aperture coupled antennas

   6. Broadband antennas

      1. Ultra wideband antennas

      2. Vivaldi antennas

   7. Dielectric resonator antennas

   8. Dipole antennas

   9. Directional antennas

   10. Directive antennas

   11. Feeds

       1. Antenna feeds

   12. Fractal antennas

   13. Helical antennas

   14. Horn antennas

   15. Leaky wave antennas

   16. Loaded antennas

   17. Log-periodic dipole antennas

   18. Microstrip antennas

   19. Microwave antennas

   20. Mobile antennas

   21. Multifrequency antennas

   22. Omnidirectional antennas

   23. Patch antennas

   24. Radar antennas

   25. Receiving antennas

   26. Rectennas

   27. Reflector antennas

   28. Satellite antennas

   29. Slot antennas

   30. Transmission line antennas

   31. Transmitting antennas

   32. UHF antennas

   33. Yagi-Uda antennas

2. Electromagnetic propagation

   1. Electromagnetic diffraction

      1. Optical diffraction

      2. Physical theory of diffraction

      3. X-ray diffraction

   2. Electromagnetic propagation in absorbing media

   3. Electromagnetic reflection

      1. Optical reflection

   4. Microwave propagation

   5. Millimeter wave propagation

   6. Optical propagation

      1. Optical surface waves

      2. Optical waveguides

   7. Propagation constant

   8. Propagation losses

   9. Radio propagation

   10. Radiowave propagation

   11. Submillimeter wave propagation

   12. UHF propagation

3. Radio astronomy

3. Broadcast technology

1. Broadcasting

   1. Digital audio broadcasting

      1. Digital audio players

      2. Digital Radio Mondiale

   2. Digital multimedia broadcasting

   3. Digital video broadcasting

   4. Radio broadcasting

      1. Frequency modulation

      2. Radio networks

   5. Satellite broadcasting

   6. TV broadcasting

4. Circuits and systems

1. Circuits

   1. Active circuits

      1. Active inductors

      2. Gyrators

      3. Operational amplifiers

   2. Adders

   3. Analog circuits

      1. Analog integrated circuits

      2. Analog processing circuits

   4. Application specific integrated circuits

      1. System-on-chip

   5. Asynchronous circuits

   6. Bipolar integrated circuits

      1. BiCMOS integrated circuits

   7. Bipolar transistor circuits

      1. Bipolar integrated circuits

   8. Bistable circuits

      1. Latches

   9. Bridge circuits

   10. Charge pumps

   11. Circuit analysis

       1. Circuit analysis computing

       2. Coupled mode analysis

       3. Nonlinear network analysis

   12. Circuit faults

       1. Electrical fault detection

   13. Circuit noise

       1. Thermal noise

   14. Circuit simulation

   15. Circuit synthesis

       1. High level synthesis

       2. Integrated circuit synthesis

   16. Coprocessors

   17. Counting circuits

   18. Coupling circuits

   19. Digital circuits

       1. Circuit topology

       2. Digital integrated circuits

   20. Digital signal processors

   21. Distributed parameter circuits

   22. Driver circuits

   23. Electronic circuits

       1. Breadboard circuit

       2. Central Processing Unit

       3. Stripboard circuit

   24. Equivalent circuits

   25. Feedback

       1. Feedback circuits

       2. Negative feedback

       3. Neurofeedback

   26. Hybrid integrated circuits

   27. Integrated circuits

       1. Analog-digital integrated circuits

       2. Analog integrated circuits

       3. Application specific integrated circuits

       4. Bipolar integrated circuits

       5. CMOS integrated circuits

       6. Coprocessors

       7. Current-mode circuits

       8. Digital integrated circuits

       9. FET integrated circuits

       10. Field programmable gate arrays

       11. Hybrid integrated circuits

       12. Integrated circuit interconnections

       13. Integrated circuit modeling

       14. Integrated circuit noise

       15. Integrated circuit synthesis

       16. Large scale integration

       17. MESFET integrated circuits

       18. Microprocessors

       19. Microwave integrated circuits

       20. Millimeter wave integrated circuits

       21. Mixed analog digital integrated circuits

       22. Monolithic integrated circuits

       23. Photonic integrated circuits

       24. Power integrated circuits

       25. Radiofrequency integrated circuits

       26. Submillimeter wave integrated circuits

       27. Superconducting integrated circuits

       28. Thick film circuits

       29. Thin film circuits

       30. Three-dimensional integrated circuits

       31. Through-silicon vias

       32. UHF integrated circuits

       33. Ultra large scale integration

       34. Very high speed integrated circuits

       35. Very large scale integration

       36. Wafer scale integration

   28. Isolators

   29. Large scale integration

       1. Ultra large scale integration

       2. Very large scale integration

       3. Wafer scale integration

   30. Linear circuits

   31. Logic arrays

       1. Programmable logic arrays

   32. Logic circuits

       1. Combinational circuits

       2. Logic arrays

       3. Programmable logic arrays

       4. Superconducting logic circuits

   33. Magnetic circuits

   34. Microprocessors

       1. Automatic logic units

       2. Biomimetics

       3. Coprocessors

       4. Microcontrollers

       5. Microprocessor chips

       6. Vector processors

   35. Microwave circuits

   36. Millimeter wave circuits

       1. Millimeter wave integrated circuits

   37. Millimeter wave integrated circuits

       1. MIMICs

   38. Monolithic integrated circuits

       1. MIMICs

       2. MMICs

   39. MOSFET circuits

       1. CMOSFET circuits

       2. MOS integrated circuits

       3. Power MOSFET

   40. Multiplying circuits

   41. Nonlinear circuits

       1. Nonlinear network analysis

   42. Passive circuits

   43. Phase shifters

       1. Phase transformers

   44. Power dissipation

   45. Power integrated circuits

   46. Printed circuits

       1. Flexible printed circuits

   47. Programmable circuits

       1. Field programmable analog arrays

       2. Programmable logic arrays

       3. Programmable logic devices

   48. Programmable logic arrays

   49. Programmable logic devices

   50. Pulse circuits

       1. Flip-flops

   51. Radiation detector circuits

   52. Rail to rail operation

       1. Rail to rail amplifiers

       2. Rail to rail inputs

       3. Rail to rail outputs

   53. Rectifiers

   54. RLC circuits

   55. Sampled data circuits

   56. Sequential circuits

   57. Silicon-on-insulator

       1. Silicon on sapphire

   58. Submillimeter wave circuits

       1. Submillimeter wave integrated circuits

   59. Summing circuits

   60. Switched circuits

       1. Switched capacitor circuits

   61. Switching circuits

       1. Choppers (circuits)

       2. Logic circuits

       3. Switching converters

       4. Zero current switching

       5. Zero voltage switching

   62. Thick film circuits

   63. Thin film circuits

   64. Thyristor circuits

   65. Time varying circuits

   66. Trigger circuits

   67. UHF circuits

       1. UHF integrated circuits

   68. UHF integrated circuits

   69. Ultra large scale integration

   70. Very large scale integration

       1. Neuromorphics

       2. Wafer scale integration

   71. VHF circuits

   72. Wafer scale integration

2. Contacts

   1. Brushes

   2. Contact resistance

   3. Ohmic contacts

3. Filtering

   1. Filters

      1. Active filters

      2. Anisotropic

      3. Bragg gratings

      4. Channel bank filters

      5. Digital filters

      6. Equalizers

      7. Filtering theory

      8. Gabor filters

      9. Harmonic filters

      10. IIR filters

      11. Kalman filters

      12. Low-pass filters

      13. Matched filters

      14. Microstrip filters

      15. Nonlinear filters

      16. Particle filters

      17. Power filters

      18. Resonator filters

      19. Spatial filters

      20. Superconducting filters

      21. Transversal filters

   2. Information filtering

      1. Information filters

      2. Recommender systems

4. Integrated circuit technology

   1. CMOS technology

      1. CMOS process

      2. Silicon on sapphire

   2. Moore’s Law

5. Logic devices

   1. Logic gates

   2. Programmable logic devices

6. Oscillators

   1. Digital-controlled oscillators

   2. Injection-locked oscillators

   3. Local oscillators

   4. Microwave oscillators

   5. Phase noise

   6. Ring oscillators

   7. Voltage-controlled oscillators

7. Single electron devices

   1. Single electron memory

      1. Hetero-nanocrystal memory

   2. Single electron transistors

8. Tunable circuits and devices

   1. RLC circuits

   2. Tuned circuits

5. Communications technology

1. Communication equipment

   1. Auditory displays

   2. Codecs

      1. Speech codecs

      2. Video codecs

   3. Modems

   4. Optical communication equipment

      1. Optical transmitters

   5. Radio communication equipment

      1. Base stations

      2. Ham radios

      3. Land mobile radio equipment

      4. Radio transceivers

      5. Transponders

   6. Receivers

      1. Optical receivers

      2. RAKE receivers

      3. Receiving antennas

   7. Repeaters

   8. Speech codecs

   9. Telephone equipment

      1. Cellular phones

      2. Telephone sets

      3. Vocoders

   10. Transceivers

       1. Radio transceivers

   11. Transmitters

       1. Auxiliary transmitters

       2. Diversity methods

       3. Neurotransmitters

       4. Optical transmitters

       5. Radio transmitters

       6. Transmitting antennas

   12. Transponders

   13. TV equipment

       1. Large screen displays

       2. TV receivers

   14. Video codecs

   15. Video equipment

       1. Video codecs

   16. Vocoders

2. Communication switching

   1. Code division multiplexing

   2. Electronic switching systems

   3. Frame relay

   4. Handover

   5. Multiprotocol label switching

   6. Packet switching

      1. Burst switching

      2. Frame relay

      3. Multiprotocol label switching

      4. Packet loss

3. Communication systems

   1. ARPANET

   2. Biomedical communication

      1. Biomedical telemetry

      2. Telemedicine

   3. Broadband communication

      1. B-ISDN

      2. Broadband amplifiers

   4. Communication networks

      1. Central office

      2. Cyberspace

      3. Industrial communication

      4. Relay networks (telecommunications)

      5. Software defined networking

   5. Communication system control

      1. Telecommunication control

   6. Communication system security

      1. Radio communication countermeasures

   7. Communication system signaling

   8. Communication system software

      1. Streaming media

   9. Communication system traffic

   10. Communication system traffic control

   11. Computer networks

       1. Ad hoc networks

       2. Computer network management

       3. Content distribution networks

       4. Cyberspace

       5. Diffserv networks

       6. Domain Name System

       7. Ethernet networks

       8. Google

       9. Internet

       10. Intserv networks

       11. IP networks

       12. Metropolitan area networks

       13. Multiprocessor interconnection networks

       14. Network servers

       15. Next generation networking

       16. Overlay networks

       17. Peer-to-peer computing

       18. Software defined networking

       19. Storage area networks

       20. Token networks

       21. Unicast

       22. Virtual private networks

       23. Wide area networks

   12. Cross layer design

   13. Data buses

       1. Backplanes

   14. Data communication

       1. Asynchronous communication

       2. Asynchronous transfer mode

       3. Data buses

       4. Data transfer

       5. Telecommunication buffers

       6. Telemetry

       7. Teleprinting

   15. Digital communication

       1. Baseband

       2. DICOM

       3. Digital audio broadcasting

       4. Digital images

       5. Digital multimedia broadcasting

       6. Digital video broadcasting

       7. DSL

       8. ISDN

       9. Passband

       10. Portable media players

       11. SONET

       12. Spread spectrum communication

   16. Facsimile

   17. FDDI

   18. Indoor communication

       1. Indoor environments

   19. Internet

       1. Crowdsourcing

       2. Instant messaging

       3. Internet of Things

       4. Internet telephony

       5. Internet topology

       6. Middleboxes

       7. Semantic Web

       8. Social computing

       9. Web 2.0

       10. Web services

   20. IP networks

       1. TCPIP

   21. ISDN

       1. B-ISDN

   22. Land mobile radio cellular systems

       1. Cellular networks

       2. Paging strategies

   23. Local area networks

       1. Wireless LAN

   24. Machine-to-machine communications

   25. Metropolitan area networks

   26. Microwave communication

       1. Rectennas

   27. Military communication

       1. Reconnaissance

   28. Millimeter wave communication

   29. MIMO

       1. Rician channels

   30. Mobile communication …​…​…​…​3G mobile communication …​…​…​…​4G mobile communication

       1. Ambient networks

       2. Dual band

       3. Land mobile radio

       4. Land mobile radio cellular systems

       5. Mobile nodes

       6. Mobile radio mobility management

       7. Software radio

   31. Molecular communication

   32. Multiaccess communication

       1. Direct-sequence code-division multiple access

       2. Frequency division multiaccess

       3. Multicarrier code division multiple access

       4. Subscriber loops

       5. Time division multiple access

       6. Time division synchronous code division multiple access

   33. Multicast communication

       1. Multicast VPN

   34. Multimedia communication

   35. Narrowband

   36. Optical fiber communication

       1. FDDI

       2. Optical buffering

       3. Optical fiber networks

       4. Optical fiber subscriber loops

       5. Optical interconnections

       6. Optical packet switching

       7. Optical wavelength conversion

       8. Scheduling algorithms

       9. SONET

   37. Personal communication networks

   38. Protocols

       1. Access protocols

       2. Asynchronous transfer mode

       3. Cryptographic protocols

       4. Master-slave

       5. Multicast protocols

       6. Multiprotocol label switching

       7. Routing protocols

       8. Transport protocols

       9. Wireless application protocol

   39. Quality of service

       1. Admission control

   40. Radio communication

       1. Baseband

       2. Bluetooth

       3. Indoor radio communication

       4. Land mobile radio

       5. Land mobile radio cellular systems

       6. Packet radio networks

       7. Passband

       8. Personal area networks

       9. Radio broadcasting

       10. Radio communication countermeasures

       11. Radio frequency

       12. Radio link

       13. Radio spectrum management

       14. Satellite communication

       15. Satellite ground stations

       16. Software radio

       17. Zigbee

   41. Routing

       1. Wavelength routing

   42. Satellite communication

       1. Downlink

       2. Satellite broadcasting

       3. Satellite ground stations

       4. Uplink

   43. Satellite ground stations

   44. SIMO

   45. SISO

   46. Spatial diversity

   47. Submillimeter wave communication

   48. Subscriber loops

   49. Switching systems

       1. Electronic switching systems

       2. Switching frequency

       3. Switching loss

       4. Telecommunication switching

   50. Synchronous digital hierarchy

   51. Telecommunications

       1. Ambient intelligence

       2. Feedback communications

       3. IP networks

       4. Radio access networks

       5. Railway communication

       6. Telecommunication computing

       7. Telecommunication network topology

       8. Telecommunication services

       9. Telematics

   52. Teleconferencing

   53. Telegraphy

   54. Telephony

   55. Teleprinting

   56. Teletext

   57. Token networks

   58. UHF communication

   59. Underwater communication

   60. Videophone systems

   61. Videotex

   62. Visual communication

   63. Wide area networks

   64. Wideband

   65. Wireless communication

       1. Cognitive radio

       2. Cooperative communication

       3. GSM

       4. Open wireless architecture

       5. Roaming

       6. Spatial diversity

       7. WiMAX

       8. Wireless application protocol

       9. Wireless networks

   66. Wireless mesh networks

   67. Wireless sensor networks

       1. Body sensor networks

       2. Event detection

4. Couplers

   1. Directional couplers

5. High-speed electronics

   1. High-speed integrated circuits

   2. High-speed networks

   3. Ultrafast electronics

6. Image communication

   1. Facsimile

   2. Picture archiving and communication systems

7. Message systems

   1. Electronic mail

      1. Unified messaging

      2. Unsolicited electronic mail

   2. Electronic messaging

      1. Instant messaging

      2. Unified messaging

   3. Postal services

   4. Publish subscribe systems

   5. Voice mail

8. Modulation

   1. Amplitude modulation

      1. Amplitude shift keying

      2. Quadrature amplitude modulation

   2. Chirp modulation

   3. Demodulation

   4. Digital modulation

      1. Constellation diagram

      2. Partial response signaling

   5. Frequency modulation

      1. Frequency shift keying

   6. Magnetic modulators

   7. Modulation coding

      1. Interleaved codes

   8. Optical modulation

      1. Electrooptic modulators

      2. Intensity modulation

   9. Phase modulation

      1. Continuous phase modulation

      2. Differential phase shift keying

      3. Phase shift keying

   10. Pulse modulation

   11. Pulse width modulation

       1. Pulse width modulation inverters

       2. Space vector pulse width modulation

9. Multiplexing

   1. Code division multiplexing

   2. Demultiplexing

   3. Frequency division multiplexing

   4. Multiplexing equipment

      1. Add-drop multiplexers

   5. OFDM

      1. Multiple access interference

      2. OFDM modulation

      3. Partial transmit sequences

      4. Peak to average power ratio

   6. Time division multiplexing

   7. Wavelength division multiplexing

      1. WDM networks

10. Network topology

    1. Complex networks

    2. Computer network reliability

11. Presence network agents

12. TV

    1. Cable TV

    2. Digital TV

       1. Analog TV

       2. HDTV

       3. IPTV

    3. Mobile TV

    4. Three-dimensional television

13. UHF technology

    1. UHF antennas

    2. UHF circuits

       1. UHF integrated circuits

    3. UHF communication

    4. UHF devices

    5. UHF integrated circuits

14. Ultra wideband technology

    1. Ultra wideband antennas

    2. Ultra wideband communication

    3. Ultra wideband radar

15. VHF devices

6. Components, packaging, and manufacturing technology

1. Component architectures

2. Electronic components

   1. Capacitors

      1. Power capacitors

      2. Varactors

   2. Coils

      1. Superconducting coils

   3. Connectors

      1. Plugs

      2. Sockets

   4. Diodes

      1. Diode lasers

   5. Electrodes

      1. Anodes

      2. Cathodes

      3. Microelectrodes

   6. Fuses

   7. Inductors

      1. Active inductors

      2. Thick film inductors

      3. Thin film inductors

   8. Resistors

      1. Memristors

      2. Switched capacitor networks

      3. Varistors

   9. Structural plates

   10. Switches

       1. Contactors

       2. Microswitches

       3. Optical switches

   11. Transducers

       1. Acoustic transducers

       2. Biomedical transducers

       3. Chemical transducers

       4. Piezoelectric transducers

       5. Ultrasonic transducer arrays

3. Electronic equipment manufacture

   1. Damascene integration

   2. Micromachining

   3. Radiation hardening (electronics)

   4. Semiconductor device manufacture

      1. Diffusion processes

      2. Flip-chip devices

      3. High-K gate dielectrics

      4. Quasi-doping

      5. Semiconductor device doping

      6. Semiconductor epitaxial layers

      7. Semiconductor growth

      8. Silicidation

      9. Wafer bonding

4. Electronics packaging

   1. Chip scale packaging

5. Environmentally friendly manufacturing techniques

6. Integrated circuit manufacture

   1. Surface-mount technology

7. Integrated circuit packaging

   1. Multichip modules

   2. Plastic integrated circuit packaging

8. Semiconductor device packaging

9. Thermal management of electronics

   1. Electronic packaging thermal management

   2. Electronics cooling Computational and artificial intelligence

10. Artificial intelligence

    1. Context awareness

    2. Cooperative systems

    3. Decision support systems

    4. Intelligent systems

       1. Intelligent robots

    5. Knowledge based systems

       1. Expert systems

       2. Mobile agents

    6. Knowledge engineering

       1. Inference mechanisms

       2. Knowledge acquisition

       3. Knowledge discovery

       4. Knowledge representation

    7. Learning (artificial intelligence)

       1. Distance learning

       2. Electronic learning

    8. Learning systems

       1. Backpropagation

       2. Learning automata

       3. Semisupervised learning

       4. Supervised learning

       5. Unsupervised learning

    9. Machine learning

       1. Boosting

       2. Statistical learning

    10. Prediction methods

        1. Linear predictive coding

        2. Predictive coding

        3. Predictive encoding

        4. Predictive models

11. Autonomous mental development

12. Computational intelligence

    1. Computation theory

       1. Computational complexity

       2. Concurrent computing

       3. Greedy algorithms

       4. Support vector machines

    2. Evolutionary computation

       1. Particle swarm optimization

    3. Fuzzy systems

       1. Fuzzy control

       2. Fuzzy neural networks

       3. Hybrid intelligent systems

    4. Genetic algorithms

13. Logic

    1. Fuzzy logic

       1. Fuzzy cognitive maps

       2. Takagi-Sugeno model

    2. Multivalued logic

    3. Probabilistic logic

    4. Sufficient conditions

14. Machine intelligence

    1. Pattern analysis

15. Neural networks

    1. Artificial neural networks

       1. Hebbian theory

       2. Self-organizing feature maps

    2. Biological neural networks

    3. Cellular neural networks

    4. Feedforward neural networks

       1. Multilayer perceptrons

    5. Multi-layer neural network

    6. Neural network hardware

    7. Radial basis function networks

    8. Recurrent neural networks

       1. Hopfield neural networks Computers and information processing

16. Computer applications

    1. Affective computing

    2. Application virtualization

    3. Computer aided analysis

    4. Computer aided engineering

    5. Computer aided instruction

    6. Computer generated music

    7. Computer integrated manufacturing

    8. Control engineering computing

    9. Green computing

    10. High energy physics instrumentation computing

        1. Linear particle accelerator

    11. Knowledge management

        1. Knowledge transfer

    12. Medical information systems

        1. Electronic medical records

    13. Military computing

    14. Physics computing

    15. Power engineering computing

    16. Power system analysis computing

    17. Publishing

        1. Bibliometrics

        2. Company reports

        3. Desktop publishing

        4. Electronic publishing

        5. Open Access

        6. Scientific publishing

    18. Scientific computing

    19. Telecommunication computing

        1. Internetworking

        2. Soft switching

    20. Virtual enterprises

    21. Virtual manufacturing

        1. Virtual machining

    22. Web sites

        1. Facebook

        2. MySpace

        3. Uniform resource locators

        4. Web design

        5. YouTube

    23. World Wide Web

        1. Mashups

17. Computer architecture

    1. Accelerator architectures

    2. Data structures

       1. Arrays

       2. Binary decision diagrams

       3. Null value

       4. Octrees

       5. Table lookup

       6. Tree data structures

    3. Dynamic voltage scaling

    4. Memory architecture

    5. Memory management

    6. Multiprocessor interconnection

       1. Hypercubes

    7. Parallel architectures

       1. Multicore processing

    8. Reconfigurable architectures

18. Computer interfaces

    1. Application programming interfaces

       1. WebRTC

    2. Browsers

    3. Field buses

    4. Firewire

    5. Haptic interfaces

       1. Data gloves

       2. Force feedback

       3. Grasping

    6. Hypertext systems

    7. Interface phenomena

       1. Network interfaces

    8. Interface states

    9. Musical instrument digital interfaces

    10. Ports (Computers)

    11. System buses

19. Computer networks

    1. Ad hoc networks

       1. AODV

       2. Mesh networks

       3. Mobile ad hoc networks

       4. Vehicular ad hoc networks

    2. Computer network management

       1. Computer network reliability

       2. Disruption tolerant networking

       3. Management information base

       4. Middleboxes

       5. Network address translation

       6. Network synthesis

    3. Content distribution networks

    4. Cyberspace

    5. Diffserv networks

    6. Domain Name System

    7. Ethernet networks

       1. EPON

    8. Google

    9. Internet

       1. Crowdsourcing

       2. Instant messaging

       3. Internet of Things

       4. Internet telephony

       5. Internet topology

       6. Middleboxes

       7. Semantic Web

       8. Social computing

       9. Web 2.0

       10. Web services

    10. Intserv networks

    11. IP networks

        1. TCPIP

    12. Metropolitan area networks

    13. Multiprocessor interconnection networks

    14. Network servers

    15. Next generation networking

    16. Overlay networks

    17. Peer-to-peer computing

    18. Software defined networking

    19. Storage area networks

    20. Token networks

    21. Unicast

    22. Virtual private networks

        1. Extranets

    23. Wide area networks

20. Computer performance

    1. Computer errors

       1. Computer crashes

    2. Performance loss

21. Computer peripherals

    1. Disk drives

    2. Keyboards

    3. Modems

    4. Printers

22. Computers

    1. Analog computers

    2. Calculators

       1. Difference engines

    3. Microcomputers

       1. Portable computers

       2. Workstations

    4. Parallel machines

    5. Supercomputers

    6. Tablet computers

    7. Wearable computers

23. Computer science

    1. Formal languages

       1. Computer languages

       2. Runtime library

    2. Network theory (graphs)

    3. Programming

       1. Augmented reality

       2. Automatic programming

       3. Concatenated codes

       4. Functional programming

       5. Granular computing

       6. Integer linear programming

       7. Logic programming

       8. Microprogramming

       9. Object oriented methods

       10. Object oriented programming

       11. Opportunistic software systems development

       12. Parallel programming

       13. Performance analysis

       14. Programming profession

       15. Robot programming

24. Concurrency control

    1. Processor scheduling

       1. Scheduling algorithms

25. Database machines

26. Data systems

    1. Data acquisition

       1. Fastbus

       2. User-generated content

    2. Data compression

       1. Adaptive coding

       2. Audio compression

       3. Huffman coding

       4. Source coding

       5. Test data compression

       6. Transform coding

    3. Data conversion

       1. Analog-digital conversion

       2. Digital-analog conversion

    4. Data engineering

    5. Data handling

       1. Data assimilation

       2. Data encapsulation

       3. Document handling

       4. Merging

       5. Sorting

    6. Data processing

       1. Associative processing

       2. Business data processing

       3. Data analysis

       4. Data collection

       5. Data integration

       6. Data preprocessing

       7. Data transfer

       8. Information exchange

       9. Spreadsheet programs

       10. Text processing

       11. Virtual enterprises

    7. Data storage systems

    8. Data warehouses

27. Digital systems

    1. Internet

       1. Crowdsourcing

       2. Instant messaging

       3. Internet of Things

       4. Internet telephony

       5. Internet topology

       6. Middleboxes

       7. Semantic Web

       8. Social computing

       9. Web 2.0

       10. Web services

    2. ISDN

       1. B-ISDN

    3. Local area networks

       1. Wireless LAN

    4. Metropolitan area networks

    5. Token networks

28. Distributed computing

    1. Client-server systems

       1. Middleware

       2. Servers

    2. Collaborative work

       1. Cooperative communication

       2. Crowdsourcing

       3. Social computing

    3. Diffserv networks

    4. Distributed databases

    5. Distributed information systems

       1. Publish-subscribe

    6. Internet

       1. Crowdsourcing

       2. Instant messaging

       3. Internet of Things

       4. Internet telephony

       5. Internet topology

       6. Middleboxes

       7. Semantic Web

       8. Social computing

       9. Web 2.0

       10. Web services

    7. Metacomputing

       1. Grid computing

    8. Peer-to-peer computing

29. DNA computing

30. File servers

31. Hardware

    1. Open source hardware

32. High performance computing

33. Image processing

    1. Active shape model

    2. Feature extraction

    3. Geophysical image processing

    4. Gray-scale

    5. Image analysis

       1. Image classification

       2. Image motion analysis

       3. Image quality

       4. Image sequence analysis

       5. Image texture analysis

       6. Object detection

       7. Subtraction techniques

    6. Image coding

    7. Image color analysis

    8. Image decomposition

    9. Image denoising

    10. Image enhancement

    11. Image fusion

    12. Image generation

        1. Plasma displays

        2. Visual effects

    13. Image recognition

        1. Image edge detection

    14. Image reconstruction

    15. Image registration

    16. Image representation

    17. Image resolution

        1. High-resolution imaging

        2. Spatial resolution

    18. Image restoration

    19. Image sampling

    20. Image segmentation

    21. Image sequences

    22. Image texture

    23. Machine vision

        1. Object recognition

        2. Object segmentation

    24. Morphological operations

    25. Optical feedback

    26. Smart pixels

    27. Spatial coherence

    28. Table lookup

34. Memory

    1. Analog memory

    2. Associative memory

    3. Buffer storage

       1. Computer buffers

    4. Cache memory

       1. Cache storage

    5. Content addressable storage

    6. Flash memories

       1. Flash memory cells

    7. Magnetic memory

       1. Floppy disks

       2. Hard disks

    8. Memory management

    9. Nonvolatile memory

       1. Nonvolatile single electron memory

    10. Phase change memory

        1. Phase change random access memory

    11. Random access memory

        1. DRAM chips

        2. Phase change random access memory

        3. SDRAM

        4. SRAM cells

        5. SRAM chips

    12. Read only memory

        1. PROM

    13. Read-write memory

    14. Registers

        1. Shift registers

    15. Scanning probe data storage

    16. Semiconductor memory

35. Mobile computing

36. Molecular computing

37. Multitasking

    1. Parametric study

38. Open systems

    1. Open Access

       1. Public domain software

    2. Physical layer

39. Optical computing

40. Parallel processing

    1. Multiprocessing systems

       1. Data flow computing

       2. Processor scheduling

       3. Systolic arrays

    2. Multithreading

    3. Parallel algorithms

    4. Pipeline processing

41. Pattern recognition

    1. Active shape model

    2. Character recognition

    3. Clustering methods

       1. Pattern clustering

    4. Data mining

       1. Association rules

       2. Data privacy

       3. Text analysis

       4. Text mining

       5. Web mining

    5. Face recognition

    6. Fingerprint recognition

    7. Gesture recognition

       1. Sign language

    8. Handwriting recognition

       1. Forgery

    9. Pattern matching

       1. Image matching

    10. Speech recognition

        1. Automatic speech recognition

        2. Speech analysis

    11. Text recognition

42. Pervasive computing

    1. Ubiquitous computing

       1. Context-aware services

    2. Wearable computers

43. Petascale computing

44. Platform virtualization

45. Quantum computing

    1. Quantum cellular automata

46. Real-time systems

    1. WebRTC

47. Software

    1. Application software

    2. Embedded software

    3. Middleware

       1. Mediation

       2. Message-oriented middleware

       3. Web services

    4. Open source software

    5. Optical character recognition software

    6. Public domain software

    7. Software agents  

       1. Autonomous agents

       2. Intelligent agents

    8. Software as a service

    9. Software debugging

       1. Software design

    10. Software maintenance

    11. Software packages

        1. EMTDC

        2. MATLAB

        3. PSCAD

        4. SPICE

    12. Software performance

    13. Software quality

    14. Software reusability

    15. Software safety

    16. Software systems

    17. Software tools

        1. Authoring systems

    18. System software

        1. File systems

        2. Operating systems

        3. Program processors

        4. Utility programs

48. Software engineering

    1. Capability maturity model

    2. Computer aided software engineering

    3. Formal verification

    4. Programming environments

    5. Reasoning about programs

    6. Runtime

       1. Dynamic compiler

       2. Runtime environment

    7. Software architecture

       1. Client-server systems

       2. Microarchitecture

       3. Representational state transfer

    8. Software libraries

49. System recovery

    1. Checkpointing

    2. Core dumps

    3. Debugging

50. Time sharing computer systems

51. Virtual machine monitors

7. Consumer electronics

1. Ambient intelligence

2. Audio systems

   1. Audio-visual systems

   2. Auditory displays

   3. Headphones

   4. Loudspeakers

   5. Microphones

      1. Microphone arrays

   6. Portable media players

   7. Sonification

3. Home automation

   1. Portable media players

   2. Refrigerators

   3. Smart homes

   4. Washing machines

4. Home computing

5. Low-power electronics

6. Microwave ovens

7. Multimedia systems

   1. Multimedia communication

   2. Multimedia computing

   3. Multimedia databases

8. Control systems

1. Automatic control

   1. Power generation control

2. Automatic generation control

3. Bidirectional control

4. CAMAC

5. Centralized control

6. Closed loop systems

7. Control design

8. Control engineering

9. Control equipment

   1. Actuators

      1. Electrostatic actuators

      2. Hydraulic actuators

      3. Intelligent actuators

      4. Microactuators

      5. Piezoelectric actuators

      6. Pneumatic actuators

   2. Fasteners

   3. Microcontrollers

   4. Regulators

   5. Servosystems

      1. Servomotors

   6. Switches

      1. Contactors

      2. Microswitches

      3. Optical switches

   7. Switchgear

      1. Circuit breakers

      2. Interrupters

      3. Relays

   8. Telecontrol equipment

   9. Thermostats

10. Controllability

11. Control system synthesis

12. Decentralized control

    1. Distributed parameter systems

13. Delay systems

    1. Added delay

    2. Delay lines

14. Digital control

    1. Programmable control

       1. Flow graphs

15. Feedback

    1. Feedback circuits

       1. Output feedback

    2. Negative feedback

    3. Neurofeedback

16. Fluid flow control

17. Fluidics

    1. Microfluidics

    2. Nanofluidics

18. Linear feedback control systems

    1. Frequency locked loops

    2. Phase locked loops

    3. State feedback

    4. Tracking loops

19. Magnetic variables control

20. Mechanical variables control

    1. Displacement control

    2. Force control

    3. Level control

       1. Gyroscopes

    4. Motion control

       1. Collision avoidance

       2. Collision mitigation

       3. Kinetic theory

       4. Motion planning

       5. Path planning

       6. Visual servoing

    5. Position control

       1. Nanopositioning

    6. Shape control

    7. Size control

    8. Strain control

    9. Stress control

    10. Thickness control

    11. Torque control

    12. Velocity control

        1. Angular velocity control

    13. Vibration control

    14. Weight control

21. Medical control systems

22. Moisture control

    1. Humidity control

23. Motion compensation

24. Networked control systems

25. Nonlinear control systems

26. Open loop systems

27. Optical control

    1. Lighting control

    2. Optical variables control

28. Optimal control

    1. Bang-bang control

    2. Infinite horizon

29. PD control

30. Pi control

31. Pneumatic systems

32. Pressure control

33. Proportional control

34. Radio control

35. Robot control

    1. Robot motion

36. SCADA systems

37. Sensorless control

38. Sliding mode control

39. Supervisory control

    1. SCADA systems

40. Thermal variables control

    1. Temperature control

       1. Cooling

       2. Heating

    2. Thermal analysis

       1. Thermomechanical processes

41. Traffic control

    1. Queueing analysis

    2. Vehicle routing

9. Dielectrics and electrical insulation

1. Dielectrics

   1. Dielectric constant

      1. High-K gate dielectrics

   2. Dielectric devices

      1. Capacitors

      2. Ferroelectric devices

      3. Piezoelectric devices

      4. Pyroelectric devices

   3. Dielectric losses

   4. Dielectric substrates

   5. Dielectrophoresis

   6. Electrohydrodynamics

   7. Electrokinetics

   8. Electrostriction

2. Electric breakdown

   1. Avalanche breakdown

   2. Corona

   3. Dielectric breakdown

      1. Arc discharges

      2. Discharges (electric)

      3. Electrostatic discharges

      4. Flashover

      5. Glow discharges

      6. Partial discharges

      7. Surface discharges

      8. Vacuum breakdown

   4. Sparks

3. Insulation

   1. Cable insulation

      1. Power cable insulation

   2. Ceramics

      1. Porcelain

   3. Gas insulation

      1. Sulfur hexafluoride

   4. Insulators

      1. Metal-insulator structures

      2. Plastic insulators

      3. Rubber

      4. Topological insulators

      5. Trees - insulation

   5. Isolation technology

   6. Oil insulation

      1. Oil filled cables

   7. Plastic insulation

10. Education

1. Computer science education

2. Continuing education

   1. Education courses

3. Educational institutions

4. Educational technology

   1. Computer aided instruction

   2. Courseware

   3. Electronic learning

5. Engineering education

   1. Biomedical engineering education

   2. Communication engineering education

   3. Control engineering education

   4. Electrical engineering education

      1. Electronics engineering education

   5. Engineering students

   6. Power engineering education

   7. Student experiments

   8. Systems engineering education

6. Physics education

7. Power engineering education

8. Qualifications

9. Training

   1. Industrial training

   2. Management training

   3. On the job training

   4. Vocational training

11. Electromagnetic compatibility and interference

1. Electromagnetic compatibility

   1. Immunity testing

   2. Reverberation chambers

2. Electromagnetics

   1. Electromagnetic analysis

      1. Air gaps

      2. Computational electromagnetics

      3. Delay effects

      4. Electromagnetic fields

      5. Electromagnetic forces

      6. Electromagnetic refraction

      7. Permeability

      8. Spark gaps

      9. Time-domain analysis

   2. Electromagnetic coupling

      1. Mutual coupling

      2. Optical coupling

   3. Electromagnetic devices

   4. Electromagnetic induction

      1. Eddy currents

      2. Inductive power transmission

   5. Electromagnetic metamaterials

   6. Electromagnetic radiation

      1. Correlators

      2. Electromagnetic wave absorption

      3. Frequency

      4. Gamma-rays

      5. Line-of-sight propagation

   7. Electromagnetic shielding

      1. Cable shielding

      2. Magnetic shielding

   8. Electromagnetic transients

      1. EMP radiation effects

      2. EMTDC

      3. EMTP

      4. Power system transients

      5. Surges

   9. Proximity effects

3. Interference  

   1. Clutter

   2. Crosstalk

   3. Diffraction

   4. Echo interference

   5. Electromagnetic interference

      1. Radiofrequency interference

      2. Specific absorption rate

   6. Electromagnetic radiative interference

   7. Electrostatic interference

      1. Immunity testing

   8. Interchannel interference

   9. Interference cancellation

   10. Interference channels

   11. Interference constraints

   12. Interference elimination

   13. Interference suppression

   14. Intersymbol interference

   15. Rain fading

   16. Terrain factors

   17. TV interference

12. Electron devices

1. Cathode ray tubes

2. Electron guns

3. Electron multipliers

4. Electron tubes

   1. Field emitter arrays

   2. Klystrons

   3. Magnetrons

   4. Thyratrons

5. Mechatronics

   1. Biomechatronics

6. Microelectromechanical systems

   1. Microelectromechanical devices

      1. Microactuators

      2. Micromotors

      3. Micropumps

      4. Microvalves

   2. Radiofrequency microelectromechanical systems

7. Microfluidics

8. Micromechanical devices

   1. Biomedical microelectromechanical systems

   2. Fluidic microsystems

   3. Microfabrication

9. Photoelectricity

   1. Photovoltaic effects

      1. Shunts (electrical)

10. Photovoltaic cells

    1. Light trapping

11. Quantum computing

    1. Quantum cellular automata

12. Quantum well devices

    1. Quantum well lasers

       1. Quantum cascade lasers

    2. Quantum wells

    3. Two dimensional hole gas

13. Semiconductivity

14. Semiconductor devices

    1. Flip-chip devices

    2. Gunn devices

    3. Hall effect devices

    4. Junctions

       1. Heterojunctions

       2. Hybrid junctions

       3. P-n junctions

       4. Waveguide junctions

    5. MIS devices

       1. Charge coupled devices

       2. MOS devices

    6. MONOS devices

    7. Piezoresistive devices

    8. P-i-n diodes

    9. Power semiconductor devices

       1. Power transistors

    10. Power semiconductor switches

        1. Bipolar transistors

        2. Thyristors

    11. Quantum dots

    12. Quantum well lasers

        1. Quantum cascade lasers

    13. Schottky diodes

    14. Semiconductor counters

    15. Semiconductor detectors

    16. Semiconductor device modeling

    17. Semiconductor device noise

    18. Semiconductor diodes

        1. P-i-n diodes

        2. Schottky diodes

        3. Semiconductor-metal interfaces

        4. Superluminescent diodes

        5. Varactors

    19. Semiconductor-insulator interfaces

    20. Semiconductor lasers

        1. Laser tuning

        2. Quantum dot lasers

        3. Quantum well lasers

        4. Semiconductor laser arrays

        5. Semiconductor optical amplifiers

        6. Surface emitting lasers  

    21. Semiconductor waveguides

    22. Silicon devices

    23. SONOS devices

    24. Superluminescent diodes

    25. Surface emitting lasers

        1. Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

    26. Thermistors

    27. Transistors

        1. Field effect transistors

        2. Heterojunction bipolar transistors

        3. Millimeter wave transistors

        4. Phototransistors

15. Single electron devices

    1. Single electron memory

       1. Hetero-nanocrystal memory

    2. Single electron transistors

16. Thick film devices

    1. Thick film inductors

17. Thin film devices

    1. Film bulk acoustic resonators

    2. Thin film inductors

    3. Thin film transistors

       1. Organic thin film transistors

18. Tunneling

    1. Gate leakage

    2. Josephson effect

    3. Magnetic tunneling

    4. Resonant tunneling devices

    5. Tunneling magnetoresistance

19. Vacuum technology

    1. Photomultipliers

    2. Vacuum systems

       1. Gettering

13. Electronic design automation and methodology

1. Design automation

   1. CADCAM

   2. Logic design

      1. Reconfigurable logic

   3. PSCAD

2. Design methodology

   1. Design for disassembly

   2. Design for experiments

   3. Design for manufacture

   4. Design for quality

   5. Design for testability

   6. Graphics

      1. Animation

      2. Art

      3. Character generation

      4. Computer graphics

      5. Engineering drawings

      6. Layout

      7. Shape

      8. Symbols

      9. Virtual reality

      10. Visualization

   7. Green design

      1. Ecodesign

      2. Green computing

   8. Process design

      1. Pattern formation

   9. Product design

   10. Prototypes

   11. Technical drawing

   12. Time to market

   13. User centered design

   14. Virtual prototyping

14. Engineering - general

1. Acoustical engineering

2. Agricultural engineering

3. Chemical engineering

4. Civil engineering

   1. Railway engineering

      1. Railway safety

   2. Structural engineering

      1. Offshore installations

5. Concurrent engineering

6. Design engineering

7. Electrical engineering

   1. Electrical engineering computing

8. Engineering profession

9. Maintenance engineering

   1. Predictive maintenance

   2. Preventive maintenance

      1. Condition monitoring

10. Mechanical engineering

    1. Mechanical power transmission

       1. Torque converters

    2. Mechanical systems

       1. Mechanical energy

       2. Micromechanical devices

11. Precision engineering

12. Production engineering

    1. Production planning

       1. Capacity planning

       2. Materials requirements planning  

       3. Process planning

13. Research and development

14. Reverse engineering

15. Sanitary engineering

16. Standardization

    1. Formal specifications

    2. Guidelines

    3. Standards

       1. ANSI standards

       2. Code standards

       3. Communication standards

       4. IEC standards

       5. IEEE standards

       6. ISO standards

       7. Measurement standards

       8. Military standards

       9. Software standards

       10. Standards activities board

       11. Standards organizations

       12. Telecommunication standards

       13. Universal Serial Bus

17. Thermal engineering

15. Engineering in medicine and biology

1. Bioinformatics

2. Biology

   1. Biochemistry

      1. Amino acids

      2. Biochemical analysis

      3. Peptides

      4. Proteins

   2. Biodiversity

      1. Biogeography

   3. Bioelectric phenomena

      1. Electric shock

   4. Biological cells

      1. Cells (biology)

      2. Chromosome mapping

      3. Fibroblasts

      4. RNA

      5. Stem cells

   5. Biological information theory

   6. Biological processes

      1. Biological interactions

      2. Chronobiology

      3. Circadian rhythm

      4. Coagulation

      5. Symbiosis

   7. Biological system modeling

   8. Biological systems

      1. Anatomy

      2. Molecular communication

      3. Organisms

   9. Biology computing

   10. Biophotonics

   11. Biophysics

       1. Aerospace biophysics

       2. Biomagnetics

       3. Cellular biophysics

       4. Molecular biophysics

   12. Evolution (biology)

       1. Memetics

       2. Phylogeny

   13. Genetics

       1. DNA

       2. Gene therapy

       3. Genetic communication

       4. Genetic expression

       5. Genetic programming

       6. Genomics

   14. Microinjection

   15. Nanobioscience

       1. DNA computing

       2. Nanobiotechnology

   16. Physiology

   17. Predator prey systems

   18. Synthetic biology

   19. Systematics

   20. Systems biology

   21. Vegetation

       1. Crops

       2. Marine vegetation

   22. Zoology

       1. Animals

3. Biomedical communication

   1. Biomedical telemetry

   2. Telemedicine

4. Biomedical computing

   1. Biomedical informatics

   2. Medical expert systems

   3. Medical information systems

      1. Electronic medical records

5. Biomedical engineering

   1. Bioimpedance

   2. Biological techniques

   3. Biomedical applications of radiation

   4. Biomedical electronics

   5. Biomedical signal processing

      1. Biomedical image processing

   6. Biotechnology

   7. Cloning  

   8. Drug delivery

      1. Targeted drug delivery

   9. Neural engineering

      1. Neural microtechnology

      2. Neural nanotechnology

      3. Neural prosthesis

   10. Protein engineering

   11. Tissue engineering

       1. Regeneration engineering

6. Biomedical equipment

   1. Assistive technology

      1. Assistive devices

      2. Wheelchairs

   2. Biomedical electrodes

   3. Biomedical telemetry

   4. Biomedical transducers

   5. Catheters

   6. Cybercare

   7. Endoscopes

   8. Gerontechnology

   9. Hypodermic needles

   10. Implantable biomedical devices

   11. Implants

       1. Auditory implants

       2. Brainstem implants

       3. Cochlear implants

       4. Microelectronic implants

   12. Intracranial pressure sensors

   13. Lithotriptors

   14. Pacemakers

   15. Stethoscope

   16. Surgical instruments

       1. Laparoscopes

7. Biomedical imaging

   1. Angiocardiography

   2. Angiography

   3. Biomedical optical imaging

   4. Cardiography

      1. Echocardiography

      2. Electrocardiography

      3. Phonocardiography

   5. DICOM

   6. Encephalography

   7. Mammography

   8. Medical diagnostic imaging

      1. Anatomical structure

   9. Molecular imaging

   10. Phantoms

8. Bionanotechnology

9. Bioterrorism

10. Computational biology

    1. Computational biochemistry

    2. Computational biophysics

    3. Computational systems biology

11. Genetic engineering

12. Medical services

    1. Assisted living

    2. Catheterization

    3. Clinical diagnosis

    4. Cybercare

    5. Health information management

    6. Hospitals

    7. In vitro

       1. In vitro fertilization

    8. In vivo

    9. Medical conditions

       1. Aneurysm

       2. Arteriosclerosis

       3. Arthritis

       4. Atrophy

       5. Blindness

       6. Cancer

       7. Deafness

       8. Diabetes

       9. Diseases

       10. Epilepsy

       11. Hemorrhaging

       12. Hypertension

       13. Hyperthermia

       14. Influenza

       15. Injuries

       16. Pregnancy

       17. Retinopathy

       18. Sleep apnea

       19. Thrombosis

       20. Tumors

    10. Medical diagnosis

        1. Autopsy

        2. Bronchoscopy

        3. Colonography

        4. Computer aided diagnosis

        5. Medical signal detection

        6. Nanomedicine

        7. Plethysmography

        8. Sensitivity and specificity

    11. Medical tests

        1. Amniocentesis

        2. Biopsy

        3. Cancer detection

        4. Colonoscopy

        5. Pregnancy test

    12. Medical treatment  

        1. Anesthesia

        2. Angioplasty

        3. Brachytherapy

        4. Brain stimulation

        5. Cardiology

        6. Chemotherapy

        7. Clinical trials

        8. Defibrillation

        9. Dentistry

        10. Electrical stimulation

        11. Electronic medical prescriptions

        12. Embolization

        13. Fibrillation

        14. Gastroenterology

        15. Gerontology

        16. Gynecology

        17. Hepatectomy

        18. Hospitals

        19. Hyperthermia

        20. Lithotripsy

        21. Magnetic stimulation

        22. Neonatology

        23. Neuromuscular stimulation

        24. Neutron capture therapy

        25. Noninvasive treatment

        26. Oncology

        27. Orthopedic procedures

        28. Orthotics

        29. Pathology

        30. Patient rehabilitation

        31. Pediatrics

        32. Pharmaceuticals

        33. Surgery

    13. Occupational medicine

    14. Prosthetics

        1. Artificial biological organs

        2. Artificial limbs

        3. Prosthetic hand

        4. Prosthetic limbs

        5. Visual prosthesis

    15. Public healthcare

    16. Sensory aids

        1. Hearing aids

    17. Vaccines

    18. X-rays

        1. X-ray applications

        2. X-ray detection

        3. X-ray scattering

        4. X-ray tomography

13. Nuclear medicine

14. Synthetic biology

16. Engineering management

1. Business

   1. Business data processing

   2. Industrial relations

   3. Management

      1. Asset management

      2. Best practices

      3. Business continuity

      4. Business process re-engineering

      5. Communication system operations and management

      6. Content management

      7. Contingency management

      8. Contracts

      9. Customer relationship management

      10. Decision making

      11. Enterprise resource planning

      12. Facilities management

      13. Financial management

      14. Governmental factors

      15. Human resource management

      16. Information management

      17. International collaboration

      18. Knowledge management

      19. Marketing management

      20. Organizational aspects

      21. Outsourcing

      22. Process planning

      23. Production management

      24. Project management

      25. Public relations

      26. Quality management

      27. Research and development management

      28. Resource management

      29. Risk analysis

      30. Storage management

      31. Supply chain management

   4. Operations research

      1. Inventory control

      2. Virtual enterprises

   5. Organizations

      1. BNSC

      2. Companies

      3. Government

      4. Sociotechnical systems

2. Commercialization

3. Economics

   1. Costs

      1. Cost benefit analysis

   2. Econometrics  

      1. Economic forecasting

   3. Economic indicators

      1. Share prices

   4. Electronic commerce

   5. Environmental economics

      1. Carbon tax

   6. Exchange rates

   7. Fuel economy

   8. International trade

   9. Macroeconomics

      1. Privatization

   10. Microeconomics

       1. Economies of scale

       2. Industrial economics

   11. Monopoly

   12. Oligopoly

   13. Power generation economics

       1. Electricity supply industry deregulation

   14. Profitability

   15. Stock markets

   16. Supply and demand

   17. Trade agreements

   18. Venture capital

   19. Virtual enterprises

4. Innovation management

5. Legal factors

   1. Copyright protection

      1. Software protection

   2. Law

      1. Censorship

      2. Commercial law

      3. Consumer protection

      4. Contract law

      5. Criminal law

      6. Employment law

      7. Forensics

      8. Law enforcement

      9. Patent law

      10. Trademarks

   3. Law enforcement

   4. Patents

   5. Product liability

      1. Warranties

   6. Software protection

   7. Trademarks

6. Market research

7. Product development

   1. Graphical user interfaces

      1. Avatars

   2. Product customization

   3. Product life cycle management

      1. Prognostics and health management

   4. Time to market

8. Project engineering

   1. Scheduling

      1. Adaptive scheduling

      2. Dynamic scheduling

      3. Job shop scheduling

      4. Single machine scheduling

9. Research and development management

   1. Innovation management

10. Research initiatives

11. Software development management

    1. Agile software development

       1. Scrum (Software development)

12. Technology management

17. Geoscience and remote sensing

1. Environmental factors

   1. Biosphere

   2. Ecosystems

   3. Environmental economics

      1. Carbon tax

   4. Environmental monitoring

   5. Global warming

   6. Green products

      1. Green buildings

      2. Green cleaning

   7. Pollution

      1. Air pollution

      2. Industrial pollution

      3. Land pollution

      4. Oil pollution

      5. Radioactive pollution

      6. Thermal pollution

      7. Urban pollution

      8. Water pollution

2. Geographic information systems

   1. Geospatial analysis

   2. Gunshot detection systems

3. Geophysical measurements

   1. Geodesy

      1. Level measurement

   2. Sea measurements

      1. Geoacoustic inversion

   3. Seismic measurements

4. Geophysical measurement techniques

5. Geophysical signal processing  

6. Geoscience

   1. Antarctica

      1. South Pole

   2. Arctic

      1. North Pole

   3. Atmosphere

      1. Atmospheric modeling

      2. Atmospheric waves

   4. Biosphere

   5. Continents

      1. Africa

      2. Asia

      3. Australia

      4. Europe

      5. North America

      6. South America

   6. Cyclones

      1. Hurricanes

      2. Tropical cyclones

   7. Earth

   8. Earthquakes

      1. Earthquake engineering

   9. Forestry

   10. Geoengineering

   11. Geography

       1. Cities and towns

       2. Rural areas

       3. Urban areas

   12. Geology

       1. Minerals

       2. Rocks

   13. Geophysics

       1. EMTDC

       2. Extraterrestrial phenomena

       3. Geodynamics

       4. Geophysics computing

       5. Meteorology

       6. Moisture

       7. Seismology

       8. Surface waves

       9. Well logging

   14. Ice

       1. Ice shelf

       2. Ice surface

       3. Ice thickness

       4. Sea ice

   15. Lakes

   16. Land surface

   17. Levee

   18. Meteorological factors

   19. Oceans

       1. Ocean salinity

       2. Ocean temperature

       3. Sea coast

       4. Sea floor

       5. Sea level

       6. Sea surface

       7. Tides

   20. Rivers

   21. Sediments

   22. Soil

       1. Soil moisture

       2. Soil properties

       3. Soil texture

   23. Tornadoes

   24. Tsunami

   25. Volcanoes

       1. Planetary volcanoes

       2. Volcanic activity

       3. Volcanic ash

7. Land surface temperature

8. Photometry

9. Radar

   1. Airborne radar

   2. Bistatic radar

   3. Doppler radar

   4. Ground penetrating radar

   5. Laser radar

   6. Meteorological radar

   7. Millimeter wave radar

   8. Multistatic radar

      1. MIMO radar

   9. Passive radar

   10. Radar applications

       1. Radar countermeasures

       2. Radar detection

       3. Radar imaging

       4. Radar measurements

       5. Radar polarimetry

       6. Radar remote sensing

       7. Radar tracking

   11. Radar clutter

   12. Radar cross-sections

   13. Radar equipment

   14. Radar theory

   15. Spaceborne radar

   16. Spread spectrum radar

   17. Synthetic aperture radar

       1. Inverse synthetic aperture radar

       2. Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar

   18. Ultra wideband radar  

10. Radiometry

    1. Microwave radiometry

    2. Radiometers

       1. Spectroradiometers

11. Remote sensing

    1. Hyperspectral sensors

       1. Hyperspectral imaging

    2. Passive microwave remote sensing

    3. Remote monitoring

12. Terrain mapping

    1. Digital elevation models

13. Terrestrial atmosphere

    1. Clouds

    2. Global warming

    3. Ionosphere

    4. Magnetosphere

14. Vegetation mapping

18. IEEE organizational topics

1. IEEE activities

   1. Awards activities

      1. Corporate recognition awards

      2. External awards

      3. Honorary membership

      4. Medals

      5. Prize paper awards

      6. Scholarships

      7. Service awards

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      9. Technical field awards

   2. Conferences

   3. Corporate activities

      1. Calendars

      2. Ethics

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      4. Legislation

      5. Meetings

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      7. Membership development

      8. Motion-planning

      9. Planning

      10. Public relations

      11. Strategic planning

      12. Technology planning

   4. Educational activities

      1. Accreditation

      2. Career development

      3. Continuing education

      4. Curriculum development

      5. Educational programs

      6. Scholarships

   5. Intersociety activities

   6. Local activities

   7. Member and Geographic Activities

      1. Conferences

      2. Meetings

   8. Nominations and elections

   9. Organizing

   10. Professional activities

       1. Career development

       2. Certification

       3. Consortia

       4. Continuing education

       5. Employment

       6. Ethics

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       8. Legislation

       9. Meetings

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       11. Public policy

   11. Publishing activities

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   12. Standards activities

       1. Standards development

       2. Standards publication

   13. Student activities

   14. Technical activities

       1. Conferences

       2. Meetings

       3. Technical Activities Guide - TAG

   15. United States activities

       1. Career development

       2. Continuing education

       3. Employment

       4. Ethics

       5. Intellectual property

       6. Legislation

       7. PACE network

       8. Public policy

   16. Volunteer activities

       1. Audit Committee

       2. Board of Directors Awards Board Committee

       3. Credentials Committee

       4. Ethics Committee

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       6. Fellow Committee

       7. Life Members Committee

       8. Member Conduct Committee

       9. Nominations and elections

       10. Strategic Planning Committee

       11. Tellers Committee

       12. Women in Engineering Committee

2. IEEE entities

   1. Boards

      1. Board of Directors

      2. Educational Activities Board

      3. IEEE Press Editorial Board

      4. IEEE Spectrum Editorial Board

      5. Member and Geographic Activities Board

      6. Proceedings Editorial Board

      7. Publications Board

      8. Standards Board

      9. Technical Activities Board

      10. The Institute Editorial Board

      11. United States Activities Board

   2. Center for the History of Electrical Engineering

      1. History

   3. Chapters

      1. Student Chapters

   4. Committees

      1. Awards committees

      2. Board committees

   5. Communities

      1. New Technology Connections Portal

      2. Online Communities/Technical Collaboration

      3. Standards Working Groups

   6. Councils

      1. Accreditation Policy Council

      2. Career Policy Council

      3. Geographic Councils

      4. IEEE Biometrics Council

      5. IEEE Council on Electronic Design Automation

      6. IEEE Council on Superconductivity

      7. IEEE Nanotechnology Council

      8. IEEE Sensors Council

      9. IEEE Systems Council

      10. IEEE Technology Management Council

      11. Lifelong Learning Council

      12. Member Activities Council

      13. Metropolitan Councils

      14. Nanotechnology Council

      15. Operations Council

      16. Outreach Council

      17. Professional Activities Council

      18. Systems Council

      19. Technical Councils

      20. Technical Field Awards Council

      21. Technology Policy Council

   7. IEEE Computer Society Press

   8. IEEE Foundation

   9. IEEE Press

   10. Regions

       1. Chapters

       2. Region 1

       3. Region 10

       4. Region 2

       5. Region 3

       6. Region 4

       7. Region 5

       8. Region 6

       9. Region 7

       10. Region 8

       11. Region 9

       12. Sections

       13. Student Chapters

   11. Sections

       1. Chapters

       2. Student Chapters

   12. Societies

       1. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society

       2. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society

       3. IEEE Broadcast Technology Society

       4. IEEE Circuits and Systems Society

       5. IEEE Communications Society

       6. IEEE Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology Society

       7. IEEE Computational Intelligence Society

       8. IEEE Computer Society

       9. IEEE Consumer Electronics Society

       10. IEEE Control Systems Society

       11. IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society

       12. IEEE Education Society

       13. IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society

       14. IEEE Electron Devices Society

       15. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

       16. IEEE Engineering Management Society

       17. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society

       18. IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

       19. IEEE Industry Applications Society

       20. IEEE Information Theory Society

       21. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society

       22. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society

       23. IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society

       24. IEEE Magnetics Society

       25. IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society

       26. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society

       27. IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society

       28. IEEE Photonics Society

       29. IEEE Power Electronics Society

       30. IEEE Power & Energy Society

       31. IEEE Reliability Society

       32. IEEE Robotics and Automation Society

       33. IEEE Signal Processing Society

       34. IEEE Society on Social Implications of Technology

       35. IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society

       36. IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society

       37. IEEE Technology Management Council

       38. IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society

       39. IEEE Vehicular Technology Society

   13. Student Chapters

3. IEEE governance

   1. Bylaws

   2. Constitution

   3. IEEE Policy and Procedures

   4. IEEE Staff

   5. Mission and Vision

   6. Organization Charts

4. IEEE members

   1. Associate members

   2. Fellows

   3. Joining IEEE

      1. Signup web site

   4. Life members

   5. Senior members

   6. Student members

5. IEEE news

   1. Chapter news

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   4. Society news

6. IEEE products

   1. Audio tapes

   2. Catalogs

      1. Educational Activities Product Catalog

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      4. IEEE standards catalog

      5. New products catalog

   3. Conference proceedings

   4. Educational products

      1. Reading series

      2. Self-study courses

      3. Videos

   5. IEEE standards

      1. IEEE 1394 Standard

      2. IEEE 802.11 Standards

      3. IEEE 802.15 Standards

      4. IEEE 802.16 Standards

      5. IEEE 802.3 Standards

   6. IEEE Xplore

      1. IEL

   7. Merchandise

   8. Reading series

   9. Self-study courses

   10. Videos

7. IEEE publications

   1. IEEE conference proceedings

   2. IEEE directories

      1. IEEE Membership Directory

      2. IEEE Staff Directory

   3. IEEE indexing

      1. Awards

      2. Book reviews

      3. CD-ROM reviews

      4. Editorials

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      6. Obituaries

      7. Software reviews

      8. Special issues and sections

      9. Tutorials

      10. Video reviews

   4. IEEE journals

      1. IEEE Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering  

      2. IEEE Communications Letters

      3. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials

      4. IEEE Computer Architecture Letters

      5. IEEE Electrochemical and SolidState Letters

      6. IEEE Electron Device Letters

      7. IEEE Embedded Systems Letters

      8. IEEE Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems

      9. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering

      10. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

      11. IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation

      12. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observation and Remote Sensing

      13. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

      14. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing

      15. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits

      16. IEEE Journal of Technology Computer Aided Design

      17. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications

      18. IEEE Latin America Learning Technologies Journal [IEEE-RITA]

      19. IEEE Learning Technology

      20. IEEE Magnetics Letters

      21. IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters

      22. IEEE/OSA Journal of Display Technology

      23. IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology

      24. IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking

      25. IEEE Photonics Journal

      26. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

      27. IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering

      28. IEEE Signal Processing Letters

      29. IEEE Systems Journal

      30. Proceedings of the IEEE

   5. IEEE magazines

      1. IEEE Aerospace and Electronics Society Magazine

      2. IEEE Annals of the History of Computing

      3. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine

      4. IEEE Circuits and Devices

      5. IEEE Communications Magazine

      6. IEEE Computational Intelligence

      7. IEEE Computational Science and Engineering

      8. IEEE Computer Applications in Power IEEE Computer Graphics and applications

      9. IEEE Computer Magazine

      10. IEEE Concurrency

      11. IEEE Control Systems

      12. IEEE Design and Test of Computers

      13. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine

      14. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine

      15. IEEE Engineering Management Review

      16. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine

      17. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine

      18. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine

      19. IEEE Intelligent Systems and their Applications

      20. IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine

      21. IEEE Internet Computing

      22. IEEE Micro

      23. IEEE Multidisciplinary Engineering Education Magazine

      24. IEEE Multimedia

      25. IEEE Nanotechnology Magazine

      26. IEEE Network

      27. IEEE Personal Communications

      28. IEEE Potentials

      29. IEEE Power Engineering Review

      30. IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine

      31. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine

      32. IEEE Software

      33. IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine

      34. IEEE Spectrum

      35. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine

      36. IEEE-USA Today’s Engineer

   6. IEEE newsletters

      1. Broadcast Technology Society Newsletter

      2. Center for the History of Electrical Engineering Newsletter

      3. Circuits and Systems Society Newsletter

      4. Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology Society Newsletter

      5. Consumer Electronics Society Newsletter

      6. Education Society Newsletter

      7. Electromagnetic Compatibility Society Newsletter

      8. Electron Devices Society Newsletter

      9. Electronics and the Environment Newsletter

      10. Engineering Management Society Newsletter

      11. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society Newsletter

      12. IEEE Circuitboard

      13. IEEE Looking Forward

      14. IEEE Publications Bulletin

      15. Industrial Electronics Society Newsletter

      16. Information Theory Society Newsletter

      17. Instrumentation and Measurement Society Newsletter

      18. Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Newsletter

      19. Magnetics Society Newsletter

      20. Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Newsletter

      21. Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society Newsletter

      22. Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter

      23. Power Electronics Society Newsletter

      24. Professional Communication Society Newsletter

      25. Reliability Society Newsletter

      26. Systems, Man and Cybernetics Society Newsletter

      27. The Institute

      28. The Staff Circuit

      29. Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society Newsletter

      30. Vehicular Technology Society Newsletter

   7. IEEE online publications

      1. IEEE Bibliographies On-line

      2. IEEE Circuitboard

      3. IEEE Communications Interactive

      4. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials

      5. IEEE Distributed Systems Online

      6. IEEE Electrochemical and SolidState Letters

      7. IEEE Electronic catalog

      8. IEEE Journal of Technology Computer Aided Design

      9. IEEE Journals and Transactions On-LINE - OpeRA

      10. IEEE Latin America Learning Technologies Journal [IEEE-RITA]

      11. IEEE Latin America Transactions

      12. IEEE Learning Technology

      13. IEEE Looking Forward

      14. IEEE Multidisciplinary Engineering Education Magazine

      15. IEEE Network Interactive

      16. IEEE Personal Communications Interactive

      17. IEEE Photonics Journal

      18. IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games

      19. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies

      20. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management

      21. IEEE Transactions on Services Computing

   8. IEEE standard glossaries

   9. IEEE transactions

      1. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking

      2. IEEE Biometrics Compendium

      3. IEEE Latin America Transactions

      4. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems

      5. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing

      6. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

      7. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

      8. IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing

      9. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control

      10. IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering

      11. IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development

      12. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems

      13. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering

      14. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting

      15. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology

      16. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications

      17. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing

      18. IEEE Transactions on Communications

      19. IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology Part A

      20. IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology Part B

      21. IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology Part C

      22. IEEE Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games

      23. IEEE Transactions on Computer Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems

      24. IEEE Transactions on Computers

      25. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics

      26. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology

      27. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation

      28. IEEE Transactions on Education

      29. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility

      30. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

      31. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion

      32. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management

      33. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation

      34. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems

      35. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

      36. IEEE Transactions on Haptics

      37. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing

      38. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

      39. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications

      40. IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security

      41. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine

      42. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

      43. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

      44. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering

      45. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies

      46. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics

      47. IEEE Transactions on Mechatronics

      48. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging

      49. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques

      50. IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology

      51. IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management

      52. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks

      53. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science

      54. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

      55. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science

      56. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery

      57. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics

      58. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems

      59. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication

      60. IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering

      61. IEEE Transactions on Reliability

      62. IEEE Transactions on Robotics

      63. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation

      64. IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing

      65. IEEE Transactions on Services Computing

      66. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing

      67. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid

      68. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering

      69. IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing

      70. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy

      71. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part A: Systems and Humans

      72. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part B: Cybernetics

      73. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Part C: Applications and Reviews

      74. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control

      75. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology

      76. IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration - VLSI

      77. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics

      78. IEEE Women in Engineering

   10. Notice of Violation

8. IEEE services

   1. Ask IEEE

   2. Conference management

   3. Meeting services

   4. Member services

      1. Career development

      2. Electronic mail

      3. Financial advantage program

      4. IEEE Bibliographies On-line

      5. IEEE Electronic catalog

      6. Job listing service

      7. Membership renewal

      8. Travel services

      9. Web and internet services

   5. Subscriptions

   6. Web and internet services

      1. Electronic mail

      2. IEEE Electronic catalog

      3. IEEE Journals and Transactions On-LINE - OpeRA

      4. Online banking

9. IEEE web sites

   1. Society home pages

   2. Web page design

19. Imaging

1. Biomedical imaging

   1. Angiocardiography

   2. Angiography

   3. Biomedical optical imaging

   4. Cardiography

      1. Echocardiography

      2. Electrocardiography

      3. Phonocardiography

   5. DICOM

   6. Encephalography

   7. Mammography

   8. Medical diagnostic imaging

      1. Anatomical structure

   9. Molecular imaging

   10. Phantoms

2. Cameras

   1. Digital cameras

   2. Webcams

3. Focusing

4. Ground penetrating radar

5. Holography

6. Image converters

   1. Image intensifiers

7. Image sensors

   1. Active pixel sensors

   2. CCD image sensors

   3. Charge-coupled image sensors

   4. CMOS image sensors

   5. Infrared image sensors

8. Image storage

9. Infrared imaging

   1. Night vision

10. Magnetic resonance imaging

    1. Diffusion tensor imaging

11. Magneto electrical resistivity imaging technique

12. Microscopy

    1. Atomic force microscopy

    2. Electron microscopy

       1. Photoelectron microscopy

       2. Scanning electron microscopy

       3. Transmission electron microscopy

    3. Scanning probe microscopy

13. Microwave imaging

14. Motion pictures

15. Multispectral imaging

16. Nuclear imaging

    1. Energy resolution

17. Optical imaging

    1. Talbot effect

    2. Thermoreflectance imaging

18. Photography

    1. Cinematography

    2. Digital photography

    3. Image forensics

    4. Photomicrography

19. Radiation imaging

20. Radiography

    1. Diagnostic radiography

21. Stereo vision

    1. Stereo image processing

22. Tomography

    1. Computed tomography

    2. Electrical capacitance tomography

    3. Positron emission tomography

       1. Whole-body PET

    4. Reconstruction algorithms

    5. Single photon emission computed tomography

20. Industrial electronics

1. Assembly systems

   1. Flexible electronics

   2. Robotic assembly

2. Computer aided manufacturing

   1. CADCAM

   2. Silicon compiler

3. Cryogenic electronics

4. Industrial control

   1. Process control

      1. Predictive control

      2. Three-term control

      3. Two-term control

   2. Production control

      1. Continuous production

      2. Lot sizing

      3. Optimized production technology

      4. Scheduling

5. Integrated manufacturing systems

6. Machine control

   1. Machine vector control

7. Manufacturing automation

   1. Computer aided manufacturing

      1. CADCAM

      2. Silicon compiler

   2. Computer integrated manufacturing

   3. Computer numerical control

   4. Flexible manufacturing systems

8. Testing

   1. Aerospace testing

   2. Automatic testing

      1. Automatic test pattern generation

      2. Ring generators

   3. Benchmark testing

   4. Built-in self-test

   5. Circuit testing

      1. Integrated circuit measurements

   6. Electronic equipment testing

      1. Immunity testing

   7. Error analysis

      1. Bit error rate

      2. Finite wordlength effects

   8. Error-free operations

   9. Failure analysis

      1. Equipment failure

      2. Semiconductor device breakdown

   10. Frequency response

   11. Impulse testing

   12. Insulator testing

       1. Insulation testing

   13. Integrated circuit testing

       1. Integrated circuit yield

       2. Logic testing

   14. Life testing

   15. Materials testing

       1. Accelerated aging

       2. Acoustic testing

       3. Adhesive strength

       4. Bonding forces

       5. Delamination

       6. Elastic recovery

       7. Nondestructive testing

   16. Optical fiber testing

   17. Remaining life assessment

   18. Ring generators

   19. Semiconductor device testing

   20. Software testing

   21. System testing

       1. Model checking

   22. Test equipment

       1. Automatic test equipment

   23. Test facilities

       1. Anechoic chambers

       2. Laboratories

       3. Large Hadron Collider

       4. Open area test sites

       5. TEM cells

21. Industry applications

1. Accident prevention

   1. Accidents

      1. Aerospace accidents

      2. Electrical accidents

      3. Industrial accidents

      4. Marine accidents

      5. Railway accidents

      6. Road accidents

2. Chemical technology

   1. Chemical reactors

      1. Bioreactors

      2. Continuous-stirred tank reactor

      3. Ignition

   2. Chemical sensors

   3. Crystallizers

   4. Distillation equipment

   5. Fluidization

   6. Pharmaceutical technology

   7. Vitrification

3. Cryogenics

4. Electrochemical devices

   1. Amperometric sensors

   2. Batteries

      1. Lithium batteries

   3. Battery management systems

   4. Fuel cells

   5. Supercapacitors

5. Electrochemical processes

6. Electromechanical systems

   1. Electromechanical devices

      1. Armature

      2. SAW filters

7. Electrostatic devices

8. Electrostatic precipitators

9. Electrostatic processes

   1. Aerosols

   2. Electrophotography

   3. Electrostatic analysis

   4. Electrostatic induction

   5. Electrostatics

      1. Electrostatic levitation

   6. Particle charging

   7. Particle production

   8. Space charge

   9. Surface charging

      1. Triboelectricity

   10. Triboelectricity

10. Engines

    1. Heat engines

       1. Steam engines

       2. Stirling engines

    2. Internal combustion engines

       1. Diesel engines

       2. Ignition

    3. Jet engines

11. Environmental management

    1. Biodegradation

       1. Biodegradable materials

    2. Land use planning

    3. Pest control

    4. Pollution control

    5. Recycling

    6. Renewable energy sources

       1. Biomass

    7. Sustainable development

    8. Waste management

       1. Waste disposal

       2. Waste handling

       3. Waste recovery

       4. Waste reduction

    9. Water conservation

       1. Desalination

    10. Water resources

        1. Desalination

        2. Reservoirs

12. Food technology

    1. Food preservation

13. High-temperature techniques

    1. Rapid thermal processing

14. Industrial engineering

    1. Industrial communication

15. Industries

    1. Agriculture

       1. Agricultural products

       2. Aquaculture

       3. Fertilizers

       4. Greenhouses

       5. Irrigation

    2. Architecture

    3. Banking

    4. Beverage industry

    5. Chemical industry

    6. Coal industry

    7. Communication industry

    8. Computer industry

    9. Construction

       1. Buildings

       2. Green buildings

       3. Modular construction

       4. Prefabricated construction

    10. Construction industry

        1. Prefabricated construction

    11. Defense industry

    12. Entertainment industry

    13. Gas industry

    14. Manufacturing industries

        1. Aerospace industry

        2. Cement industry

        3. Ceramics industry

        4. Clothing industry

        5. Electrical products industry

        6. Electronics industry

        7. Food industry

        8. Footwear industry

        9. Fuel processing industries

        10. Glass industry

        11. Machinery production industries

        12. Metal product industries

        13. Plastics industry

        14. Pulp and paper industry

        15. Rubber industry

        16. Shipbuilding industry

        17. Textile industry

        18. Toy manufacturing industry

    15. Metals industry

    16. Mining industry

        1. Coal mining

    17. Natural gas industry

    18. Petroleum industry

        1. Oil drilling

        2. Oil refineries

        3. Well logging

    19. Power industry

        1. Electrical equipment industry

        2. Electricity supply industry

        3. Nuclear facility regulation

        4. Power system interconnection

    20. Sugar industry

        1. Sugar refining

    21. Textile technology

        1. Spinning

        2. Weaving

    22. Toy industry

    23. Wood industry

16. Inspection

    1. Automatic optical inspection

17. Machinery

    1. Agricultural machinery

    2. Ball bearings

    3. Belts

    4. Drives

       1. Hydraulic drives

       2. Motor drives

       3. Variable speed drives

    5. Electric machines

       1. AC machines

       2. Alternators

       3. Brushless machines

       4. Compressors

       5. Conductors

       6. DC machines

       7. Electric fences

       8. Generators

       9. Permanent magnet machines

       10. Rotating machines

       11. Rotors

       12. Stators

       13. Washing machines

    6. Fans

    7. Furnaces

       1. Blast furnaces

       2. Kilns

    8. Gears

    9. Hydraulic systems

       1. Electrohydraulics

       2. Hydraulic equipment

       3. Hydraulic fluids

    10. Machine components

        1. Air cleaners

        2. Belts

        3. Cams

        4. Engine cylinders

        5. Exhaust systems

        6. Impellers

        7. Intake systems

        8. Manifolds

        9. Mechanical splines

        10. Pistons

        11. Rotors

        12. Shafts

        13. Valves

    11. Motors

        1. AC motors

        2. Brushless motors

        3. Commutation

        4. DC motors

        5. Electric motors

        6. Hysteresis motors

        7. Induction motors

        8. Micromotors

        9. Permanent magnet motors

        10. Servomotors

        11. Traction motors

        12. Universal motors

    12. Printing machinery

    13. Pumps

        1. Fuel pumps

        2. Heat pumps

        3. Micropumps

    14. Textile machinery

        1. Spinning machines

18. Manufacturing

    1. Assembly

       1. Fitting

       2. Microassembly

       3. Preforms

       4. Soldering

    2. Assembly systems

       1. Flexible electronics

       2. Robotic assembly

    3. Embossing

    4. Fabrication

       1. Bonding processes

       2. Microfabrication

       3. Optical device fabrication

       4. Soldering

       5. Welding

    5. Lithography

       1. Colloidal lithography

       2. Interferometric lithography

       3. Nanolithography

       4. Soft lithography

       5. Stereolithography

       6. X-ray lithography

    6. Manufactured products

       1. Ceramic products

       2. Chemical products

       3. Consumer products

       4. Electrical products

       5. Food products

       6. Fuels

       7. Glass products

       8. Mechanical products

       9. Metal products

       10. Paper products

       11. Paper pulp

       12. Plastic products

       13. Rubber products

       14. Sports equipment

       15. Textile products

       16. Windows

    7. Manufacturing systems

       1. Agile manufacturing

       2. Automobile manufacture

       3. Batch production systems

       4. Blanking

       5. Cellular manufacturing

       6. Flow production systems

       7. Food manufacturing

       8. Forging

       9. Glass manufacturing

       10. Integrated manufacturing systems

       11. Intelligent manufacturing systems

       12. Job production systems

       13. Joining processes

       14. Layered manufacturing

       15. Lean production

       16. Manufacturing processes

       17. Mass production

       18. Melt processing

       19. Pulp manufacturing

       20. Sheet metal processing

       21. Thermoforming

    8. Mass customization

    9. Tolerance analysis

19. Packaging

    1. Bagging

    2. Bottling

    3. Canning

    4. Encapsulation

    5. Labeling

    6. Multichip modules

    7. Plastic packaging

    8. Wrapping

20. Paper technology

21. Production

    1. Ball milling

    2. Compression molding

    3. Embossing

    4. Food products

       1. Dairy products

       2. Fats

       3. Sugar

    5. Group technology

    6. Injection molding

    7. Materials processing

       1. Annealing

       2. Bleaching

       3. Casting

       4. Coatings

       5. Curing

       6. Etching

       7. Heat treatment

       8. Joining processes

       9. Lamination

       10. Machining

       11. Melt processing

       12. Plasma materials processing

       13. Pressing

       14. Punching

       15. Refining

       16. Shearing

       17. Smelting

       18. Softening

       19. Swaging

    8. Mechanical products

       1. Automotive components

       2. Axles

       3. Bellows

       4. Blades

       5. Couplings

       6. Fasteners

       7. Flanges

       8. Gears

       9. Hoses

       10. Machine components

       11. Mechanical guides

       12. Needles

       13. Orifices

       14. Pistons

       15. Seals

       16. Springs

       17. Steering systems

       18. Structural shapes

       19. Suspensions

       20. Tires

       21. Vents

       22. Wheels

    9. Process planning

       1. Cause effect analysis

    10. Production control

        1. Continuous production

        2. Lot sizing

        3. Optimized production technology

        4. Scheduling

    11. Production engineering

        1. Production planning

    12. Production equipment

        1. Applicators

        2. Clamps

        3. Cutting tools

        4. Fixtures

        5. Machine tools

        6. Mining equipment

        7. Molding equipment

        8. Packaging machines

        9. Paper making machines

        10. Polishing machines

        11. Soldering equipment

    13. Production facilities

        1. Foundries

        2. Greenhouses

        3. Industrial plants

        4. Machine shops

        5. Paper mills

    14. Production management

        1. Control charts

        2. Inventory management

        3. Lead time reduction

        4. Logistics

        5. Process planning

        6. Production planning

    15. Production materials

        1. Abrasives

        2. Aerospace materials

        3. Automotive materials

        4. Inhibitors

        5. Ink

        6. Joining materials

        7. Lubricants

        8. Retardants

    16. Production systems

        1. Assembly systems

        2. Exhaust systems

        3. Intelligent manufacturing systems

        4. Lean production

        5. Manufacturing systems

        6. Steering systems

    17. Productivity

    18. Shafts

        1. Camshafts

    19. Springs

    20. Suspensions

        1. Shock absorbers

    21. Transfer molding

22. Safety

    1. Aerospace safety

       1. Air safety

    2. Domestic safety

    3. Emergency services

    4. Explosion protection

    5. Hazards

       1. Biohazards

       2. Chemical hazards

       3. Explosions

       4. Fires

       5. Flammability

       6. Floods

       7. Hazardous areas

       8. Hazardous materials

       9. Toxicology

    6. Health and safety

       1. Occupational health

       2. Occupational safety

    7. Marine safety

    8. Product safety

    9. Protection

       1. Explosion protection

       2. Lightning protection

    10. Radiation safety

    11. Safety devices

        1. Eye protection

        2. Protective clothing

    12. Vehicle safety

23. Security

    1. Access control

       1. Authorization

    2. Alarm systems

       1. Smoke detectors

    3. Computer security

       1. Authentication

       2. Computer crime

       3. Computer hacking

       4. Firewalls (computing)

       5. Identity management systems

       6. Invasive software

       7. Permission

    4. Cryptography

       1. Ciphers

       2. Encryption

       3. Public key

       4. Random number generation

    5. Data security

       1. Cryptography

       2. Message authentication

    6. Digital signatures

    7. Information security

       1. Intrusion detection

    8. Power system security

    9. Reconnaissance

    10. Terrorism

        1. Bioterrorism

        2. National security

    11. Watermarking

24. Wine industry

    1. Wineries

22. Information theory

1. Audio coding

2. Biological information theory

3. Channel coding

   1. Block codes

      1. Linear codes

   2. Combined source-channel coding

   3. Turbo codes

4. Codes

   1. Binary codes

      1. Reflective binary codes

   2. Convolutional codes

   3. Cyclic redundancy check codes

   4. Error correction codes

      1. Reed-Solomon codes

   5. Parity check codes

      1. Iterative decoding

   6. Product codes

      1. Bar codes

   7. Space-time codes

5. Communication channels

   1. Channel allocation

   2. Channel capacity

   3. Channel estimation

   4. Channel models

   5. Channel spacing

   6. Channel state information

   7. Gaussian channels

      1. AWGN channels

   8. Multipath channels

   9. Multiuser channels

   10. Partial response channels

   11. Throughput

   12. Time-varying channels

6. Decoding

   1. Maximum likelihood decoding

7. Encoding

   1. Audio coding

   2. Channel coding

      1. Block codes

      2. Combined source-channel coding

      3. Turbo codes

   3. Entropy coding

      1. Huffman coding

   4. Source coding

   5. Speech coding

   6. Transcoding

8. Error compensation

9. Genetic communication

10. Hamming distance

11. Hamming weight

12. Information entropy

13. Mutual information

14. Network coding

15. Rate-distortion

16. Rate distortion theory

    1. Channel rate control

17. Source coding

18. Speech coding

23. Instrumentation and measurement

1. Computerized instrumentation

2. Electric variables

   1. Admittance

   2. Capacitance

      1. Parasitic capacitance

      2. Quantum capacitance

   3. Capacitance-voltage characteristics

   4. Conductivity

      1. Photoconductivity

      2. Semiconductivity

      3. Transconductance

   5. Current

      1. Bioimpedance

      2. Current slump

      3. Dark current

      4. Fault currents

      5. Leakage currents

      6. Persistent currents

      7. Short-circuit currents

      8. Threshold current

   6. Current-voltage characteristics

   7. Electric potential

   8. Gain

   9. Impedance

   10. Impedance matching

   11. Inductance

   12. Permittivity

   13. Piezoresistance

   14. Q-factor

   15. Resistance

       1. Electric resistance

       2. Piezoresistance

       3. Surface resistance

       4. Thermal resistance

       5. Viscosity

   16. Voltage

       1. Breakdown voltage

       2. Dynamic voltage scaling

       3. Threshold voltage

       4. Voltage fluctuations

   17. Wiring

3. High energy physics instrumentation computing

   1. Linear particle accelerator

4. Instruments

   1. Compass

   2. Goniometers

   3. Microscopy

      1. Atomic force microscopy

      2. Electron microscopy

      3. Scanning probe microscopy

   4. Oscilloscopes

   5. Potentiometers

   6. Pressure gauges

   7. Probes

   8. Radiometers

      1. Spectroradiometers

   9. Telescopes

   10. Theodolites

   11. Tuners

   12. Vibrometers

   13. Voltmeters

   14. Watthour meters

   15. Wattmeters

5. Measurement

   1. Accelerometers

   2. Acoustic measurements

   3. Antenna measurements

   4. Anthropometry

   5. Area measurement

   6. Atmospheric measurements

   7. Atomic measurements

   8. Biomedical measurement

      1. Biomarkers

      2. Biomedical monitoring

      3. Electroencephalography

      4. Electromyography

      5. Electrooculography

      6. Electrophysiology

      7. Photoplethysmography

      8. Reproducibility of results

      9. Sensitivity and specificity

   9. Calorimetry

   10. Coordinate measuring machines

   11. Density measurement

       1. Hydrometers

   12. Distance measurement

       1. Euclidean distance

   13. Distortion measurement

       1. Total harmonic distortion

   14. Doppler measurement

   15. Dosimetry

   16. Dynamic range

   17. Electric variables measurement

       1. Admittance measurement

       2. Ammeters

       3. Attenuation measurement

       4. Capacitance measurement

       5. Conductivity measurement

       6. Current measurement

       7. Dielectric measurement

       8. Electrical resistance measurement

       9. Electrostatic measurements

       10. Energy measurement

       11. Impedance measurement

       12. Inductance measurement

       13. Partial discharge measurement

       14. Phasor measurement units

       15. Power measurement

       16. Q measurement

       17. Transmission line measurements

       18. Voltage measurement

   18. Electromagnetic measurements

       1. Electromagnetic modeling

       2. Linearity

       3. Microwave measurement

       4. Millimeter wave measurements

       5. Parameter extraction

       6. Polarimetry

       7. Radiometry

       8. Submillimeter wave measurements

   19. Extraterrestrial measurements

   20. Fluid flow measurement

   21. Frequency measurement

       1. Frequency-domain analysis

       2. Frequency estimation

   22. Gain measurement

   23. Gas chromatography

   24. Geologic measurements

       1. Geophysical image processing

   25. Geophysical measurements

       1. Geodesy

       2. Sea measurements

       3. Seismic measurements

   26. Interferometry

       1. Fabry-Perot

       2. Interferometers

       3. Optical interferometry

       4. Phase shifting interferometry

       5. Radar interferometry

       6. Radio interferometry

       7. Sagnac interferometers

   27. Length measurement

   28. Lifetime estimation

   29. Loss measurement

       1. Packet loss

   30. Magnetic variables measurement

       1. Magnetic field measurement

       2. Magnetometers

       3. Permeability measurement

   31. Measurement by laser beam

       1. Laser velocimetry

   32. Measurement techniques

       1. Calibration

       2. Dynamic equilibrium

   33. Measurement uncertainty

   34. Measurement units

       1. Nanometers

   35. Mechanical variables measurement

       1. Angular velocity

       2. Displacement measurement

       3. Force measurement

       4. Motion measurement

       5. Position measurement

       6. Rotation measurement

       7. Strain measurement

       8. Stress measurement

       9. Thickness measurement

       10. Torque measurement

       11. Velocity measurement

       12. Vibration measurement

       13. Volume measurement

       14. Weight measurement

   36. Moisture measurement

       1. Humidity measurement

   37. Noise measurement

       1. Multiple signal classification

       2. Noise figure

       3. Noise shaping

   38. Nuclear measurements

       1. Particle tracking

   39. Optical variables measurement

       1. Ellipsometry

       2. Photometry

       3. Reflection coefficient

       4. Refractive index

   40. Particle beam measurements

   41. Particle measurements

   42. Performance evaluation

   43. Phase measurement …​…​..pH measurement

   44. Plasma measurements

   45. Plethysmography

   46. Pollution measurement

   47. Pressure measurement

       1. Altimetry

       2. Tire pressure

   48. Pulse measurements

   49. Reflectometry

   50. Reproducibility of results

   51. Scintillation counters

       1. Solid scintillation detectors

   52. Sea state

   53. Semiconductor device measurement

   54. Sensitivity

       1. Sensitivity analysis

   55. Shape measurement

   56. Size measurement

   57. Software measurement

       1. Software metrics

   58. Soil measurements

   59. Spectroscopy

       1. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

       2. Kirchhoff’s Law

       3. Mass spectroscopy

       4. MERIS

       5. Neutron spin echo

       6. Photoacoustic effects

       7. Resonance light scattering

   60. Thermal variables measurement

       1. Temperature measurement

   61. Time measurement

       1. Clocks

       2. Time dissemination

       3. Timing

   62. UHF measurements

   63. Ultrasonic variables measurement

   64. Viscosity

   65. Wavelength measurement

   66. Wide area measurements

6. Monitoring

   1. Computerized monitoring

   2. Environmental monitoring

   3. Patient monitoring

   4. Radiation monitoring

      1. Radiation dosage

   5. Remote monitoring

   6. Surveillance

      1. Infrared surveillance

      2. Video surveillance

7. Testing

   1. Aerospace testing

   2. Automatic testing

      1. Automatic test pattern generation

      2. Ring generators

   3. Benchmark testing

   4. Built-in self-test

   5. Circuit testing

      1. Integrated circuit measurements

   6. Electronic equipment testing

      1. Immunity testing

   7. Error analysis

      1. Bit error rate

      2. Finite wordlength effects

   8. Error-free operations

   9. Failure analysis

      1. Equipment failure

      2. Semiconductor device breakdown

   10. Frequency response

   11. Impulse testing

   12. Insulator testing

       1. Insulation testing

   13. Integrated circuit testing

       1. Integrated circuit yield

       2. Logic testing

   14. Life testing

   15. Materials testing

       1. Accelerated aging

       2. Acoustic testing

       3. Adhesive strength

       4. Bonding forces

       5. Delamination

       6. Elastic recovery

       7. Nondestructive testing

   16. Optical fiber testing

   17. Remaining life assessment  

   18. Ring generators

   19. Semiconductor device testing

   20. Software testing

   21. System testing

       1. Model checking

   22. Test equipment

       1. Automatic test equipment

   23. Test facilities

       1. Anechoic chambers

       2. Laboratories

       3. Large Hadron Collider

       4. Open area test sites

       5. TEM cells

24. Intelligent transportation systems

1. Automated highways

2. Geographic information systems

   1. Geospatial analysis

   2. Gunshot detection systems

3. Intelligent vehicles

   1. Vehicle routing

4. Navigation

   1. Aircraft navigation

   2. Course correction

   3. Dead reckoning

   4. Inertial navigation

   5. Marine navigation

   6. Radio navigation

   7. Satellite navigation systems

      1. Global Positioning System

      2. Satellite constellations

   8. Sonar navigation

5. Transportation

   1. Air transportation

      1. Aircraft

      2. Airports

   2. Land transportation

      1. Rail transportation

      2. Road transportation

   3. Vehicles

      1. Land vehicles

      2. Remotely operated vehicles

      3. Space vehicles

25. Lasers and electrooptics

1. Electrooptic devices

   1. Electrochromic devices

   2. Electrooptic deflectors

   3. Electrooptic modulators

2. Electrooptic effects

   1. Electrochromism

   2. Kerr effect

   3. Optical bistability

   4. Stark effect

3. Lasers

   1. Atom lasers

   2. Chemical lasers

   3. Diode lasers

   4. Free electron lasers

   5. Gas lasers

   6. Laser applications

      1. Dark states

      2. Distributed feedback devices

      3. Laser ablation

      4. Laser beam cutting

      5. Laser fusion

      6. Laser theory

      7. Magnetooptic recording

   7. Laser excitation

      1. Optical pumping

   8. Laser modes

      1. Laser mode locking

   9. Laser stability

   10. Laser transitions

   11. Power lasers

   12. Pump lasers

   13. Quantum well lasers

       1. Quantum cascade lasers

   14. Ring lasers

       1. Fiber lasers

   15. Semiconductor lasers

       1. Laser tuning

       2. Quantum dot lasers

       3. Quantum well lasers

       4. Semiconductor laser arrays

       5. Semiconductor optical amplifiers

       6. Surface emitting lasers

   16. Solid lasers

       1. Microchip lasers

       2. Quantum well lasers

       3. Semiconductor lasers

       4. Surface emitting lasers

   17. Surface emitting lasers

       1. Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

   18. X-ray lasers

4. Optics

   1. Adaptive optics

   2. Birefringence

   3. Brightness  

      1. Brightness temperature

   4. Color

      1. Pigmentation

   5. Electron optics

   6. Extinction coefficients

      1. Extinction ratio

   7. Fiber optics

      1. Fiber nonlinear optics

      2. Optical fibers

   8. Fluorescence

   9. Four-wave mixing

   10. Geometrical optics

       1. Ray tracing

   11. Integrated optics

   12. Light sources

       1. Electroluminescent devices

       2. Fast light

       3. Luminescent devices

       4. Phosphors

       5. Slow light

       6. Stray light

       7. Superluminescent diodes

       8. Ultraviolet sources

   13. Luminescence

       1. Bioluminescence

       2. Electroluminescence

       3. Fluorescence

       4. Phosphorescence

       5. Photoluminescence

       6. Thermoluminescence

   14. Microoptics

       1. Micromirrors

   15. Nonlinear optics

       1. Fiber nonlinear optics

       2. Nonlinear optical devices

       3. Optical mixing

       4. Optical saturation

       5. Photorefractive effect

       6. Raman scattering

       7. Supercontinuum generation

   16. Optical amplifiers

       1. Doped fiber amplifiers

       2. Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

       3. Semiconductor optical amplifiers

   17. Optical crosstalk

   18. Optical design

       1. Optical design techniques

   19. Optical devices

       1. Bragg gratings

       2. Collimators

       3. Displays

       4. Holographic optical components

       5. Lenses

       6. Light deflectors

       7. Lighting

       8. Luminescent devices

       9. Mirrors

       10. Optical arrays

       11. Optical attenuators

       12. Optical collimators

       13. Optical device fabrication

       14. Optical filters

       15. Optical resonators

       16. Optical sensors

       17. Thermooptical devices

   20. Optical distortion

   21. Optical fiber applications

       1. Optical fiber devices

   22. Optical harmonic generation

   23. Optical losses

   24. Optical microscopy

   25. Optical mixing

       1. Multiwave mixing

   26. Optical polarization

       1. Polarization shift keying

       2. Stokes parameters

   27. Optical pulses

   28. Optical retarders

   29. Optical saturation

   30. Optical solitons

   31. Optical tuning

   32. Particle beam optics

       1. Atom optics

       2. Electron optics

       3. Stimulated emission

   33. Photoluminescence

   34. Physical optics

       1. Optical refraction

       2. Optical vortices

   35. Ray tracing

   36. Stray light

   37. Ultrafast optics

   38. Whispering gallery modes

5. Optoelectronic devices

   1. Charge-coupled image sensors

   2. Integrated optoelectronics

   3. Light emitting diodes

      1. Inorganic light emitting diodes

      2. LED lamps

      3. Organic light emitting diodes

      4. Superluminescent diodes

   4. Photoconducting devices  

      1. Electrophotography

   5. Photodetectors

      1. Photodiodes

      2. Phototransistors

      3. Superconducting photodetectors

   6. Superluminescent diodes

6. Photonics

   1. Biophotonics

   2. Microwave photonics

   3. Nanophotonics

   4. Photochromism

   5. Photothermal effects

   6. Silicon photonics

   7. Spontaneous emission

      1. Radiative recombination

26. Magnetics

1. Biomagnetics

   1. Magnetoencephalography

2. Demagnetization

3. Gyromagnetism

4. Magnetic analysis

   1. Magnetization

5. Magnetic anisotropy

   1. Magnetic domains

   2. Magnetic domain walls

   3. Magnetic moments

   4. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

6. Magnetic devices

   1. Accelerator magnets

   2. Ferrite devices

      1. Circulators

   3. Magnetic cores

      1. Transformer cores

   4. Magnetic heads

   5. Magnetic memory

      1. Floppy disks

      2. Hard disks

   6. Magnetic modulators

   7. Magnetooptic devices

   8. Magnetoresistive devices

   9. Magnetostrictive devices

   10. Solenoids

   11. Transformer cores

   12. Undulators

7. Magnetic fields

   1. Geomagnetism

   2. Magnetic reconnection

   3. Magnetic separation

   4. Magnetostatics

   5. Toroidal magnetic fields

8. Magnetic flux

   1. Flux pinning

   2. Magnetic flux density

   3. Magnetic flux leakage

9. Magnetic force microscopy

10. Magnetic forces

    1. Coercive force

11. Magnetic hysteresis

12. Magnetic levitation

13. Magnetic losses

14. Magnetic materials

    1. Amorphous magnetic materials

    2. Antiferromagnetic materials

    3. Diamagnetic materials

    4. Ferrimagnetic films

       1. Ferrite films

       2. Garnet films

    5. Ferrimagnetic materials

       1. Ferrimagnetic films

       2. Ferrite films

       3. Ferrites

       4. Garnet films

       5. Garnets

    6. Ferrite films

    7. Ferrites

       1. Ferrite films

    8. Garnet films

    9. Garnets

       1. Garnet films

    10. Magnetic films

        1. Ferrimagnetic films

        2. Ferrite films

        3. Garnet films

    11. Magnetic liquids

    12. Magnetic semiconductors

    13. Magnetic superlattices

    14. Paramagnetic materials

    15. Soft magnetic materials

15. Magnetic multilayers

16. Magnetic particles

17. Magnetic properties

18. Magnetic sensors

    1. Spin valves

19. Magnetic susceptibility

20. Magnetic switching

21. Magnetization processes

    1. Magnetization reversal

    2. Saturation magnetization

22. Magnetoacoustic effects

23. Magnetoelectric effects  

    1. Hall effect

    2. Magnetic tunneling

    3. Magnetoelectronics

       1. Spin polarized transport

    4. Magnetoresistance

       1. Anisotropic magnetoresistance

       2. Ballistic magnetoresistance

       3. Colossal magnetoresistance

       4. Enhanced magnetoresistance

       5. Extraordinary magnetoresistance

       6. Giant magnetoresistance

       7. Ordinary magnetoresistance

       8. Tunneling magnetoresistance

24. Magnetomechanical effects

    1. Magnetic field induced strain

    2. Magnetoelasticity

       1. Magnetostriction

    3. Magnetostriction

25. Magnetooptic effects

    1. Faraday effect

    2. Gyrotropism

26. Magnets

    1. Electromagnets

       1. Superconducting magnets

    2. Micromagnetics

    3. Permanent magnets

27. Microwave magnetics

28. Nonlinear magnetics

29. Remanence

27. Materials, elements, and compounds

1. Chemical elements

   1. Boron

      1. Boron alloys

   2. Carbon

   3. Cerium

   4. Darmstadtium

   5. Helium

   6. Hydrogen

      1. Deuterium

   7. Isotopes

   8. Lutetium

   9. Nitrogen

      1. Silicon nitride

   10. Oxygen

   11. Roentgenium

   12. Tellurium

   13. Titanium

       1. Titanium alloys

       2. Titanium compounds

   14. Ytterbium

   15. Zirconium

2. Compounds

   1. Bismuth compounds

   2. Gallium compounds

      1. Aluminum gallium nitride

      2. Gallium arsenide

      3. Gallium nitride

      4. Indium gallium arsenide

      5. Indium gallium nitride

   3. Indium compounds

      1. Indium gallium arsenide

      2. Indium tin oxide

   4. Inorganic compounds

   5. Lead compounds

   6. Organic compounds

      1. Carbon compounds

      2. Organic semiconductors

      3. Volatile organic compounds

   7. Silicon compounds

      1. Silicides

      2. Silicon carbide

      3. Silicon nitride

3. Materials

   1. Acoustic materials

   2. Additives

   3. Aggregates

   4. Amorphous materials

      1. Diamond-like carbon

      2. Glass

   5. Auxetic materials

   6. Biological materials

   7. Biomedical materials

      1. Bioceramics

      2. Biomembranes

   8. Building materials

      1. Asphalt

      2. Concrete

      3. Floors

      4. Mortar

      5. Tiles

      6. Windows

   9. Ceramics

      1. Porcelain

   10. Composite materials

   11. Conducting materials

   12. Corrosion inhibitors

   13. Crystalline materials

       1. Nanocrystals

       2. Superlattices

   14. Crystals  

       1. Colloidal crystals

       2. Crystallography

       3. Crystal microstructure

       4. Grain boundaries

       5. Grain size

       6. Liquid crystals

   15. Dielectric materials

       1. Dielectric films

       2. Dielectric liquids

       3. Electrets

       4. Epoxy resins

       5. High K dielectric materials

       6. Piezoelectric materials

   16. Films

       1. Conductive films

       2. Dielectric films

       3. Epitaxial layers

       4. Ferrimagnetic films

       5. Ferrite films

       6. Garnet films

       7. Magnetic films

       8. Optical films

       9. Piezoelectric films

       10. Plastic films

       11. Polymer films

       12. Semiconductor films

       13. Thick films

       14. Thin films

   17. Fluids

       1. Fluid dynamics

       2. Gases

       3. Hydraulic fluids

       4. Liquids

       5. Viscosity

   18. Hazardous materials

   19. Inorganic materials

   20. Lacquers

   21. Laminates

   22. Magnetic materials

       1. Amorphous magnetic materials

       2. Antiferromagnetic materials

       3. Diamagnetic materials

       4. Ferrimagnetic films

       5. Ferrimagnetic materials

       6. Ferrite films

       7. Ferrites

       8. Garnet films

       9. Garnets

       10. Magnetic films

       11. Magnetic liquids

       12. Magnetic semiconductors

       13. Magnetic superlattices

       14. Paramagnetic materials

       15. Soft magnetic materials

   23. Material properties

       1. Creep

       2. Elasticity

       3. Resilience

   24. Media

       1. Nonhomogeneous media

       2. Random media

   25. Mesoporous materials

   26. Metal foam

   27. Metamaterials

       1. Electromagnetic metamaterials

       2. Optical cloaking

       3. Optical metamaterials

   28. Nanostructured materials

       1. Nanocomposites

       2. Nanoporous materials

   29. Oils

       1. Lubricating oils

       2. Vegetable oils

   30. Optical materials

       1. Optical cloaking

       2. Optical polymers

       3. Optical retarders

       4. Optical superlattices

       5. Photorefractive materials

   31. Organic inorganic hybrid materials

   32. Organic materials

   33. Paints

   34. Paper pulp

   35. Petrochemicals

   36. Phase change materials

   37. Photoconducting materials

   38. Plastics

       1. Epoxy resins

       2. Fiber reinforced plastics

       3. Plastic films

       4. Plastic optical fiber

   39. Polymer foams

   40. Polymer gels

   41. Polymers

       1. Liquid crystal polymers

       2. Optical polymers

       3. Polyethylene

       4. Polyimides

   42. Production materials

       1. Abrasives

       2. Aerospace materials

       3. Automotive materials  

       4. Inhibitors

       5. Ink

       6. Joining materials

       7. Lubricants

       8. Retardants

   43. Radioactive materials

       1. Nuclear fuels

       2. Radioactive decay

       3. Radioactive waste

   44. Raw materials

   45. Resins

       1. Epoxy resins

   46. Resists

   47. Semiconductor materials

       1. Amorphous semiconductors

       2. Elemental semiconductors

       3. Gallium

       4. Gallium arsenide

       5. Germanium

       6. III-V semiconductor materials

       7. II-VI semiconductor materials

       8. Indium gallium arsenide

       9. Indium phosphide

       10. Magnetic semiconductors

       11. Organic semiconductors

       12. Semiconductor superlattices

       13. Silicon

       14. Silicon germanium

       15. Substrates

       16. Wide band gap semiconductors

   48. Sheet materials

   49. Solids

       1. Young’s modulus

   50. Superconducting materials

       1. Granular superconductors

       2. High-temperature superconductors

       3. Multifilamentary superconductors

       4. Niobium-tin

       5. Type II superconductors

   51. Textiles

       1. Cotton

       2. Fabrics

       3. Textile fibers

       4. Wool

   52. Waste materials

       1. Effluents

       2. Electronic waste

       3. Industrial waste

       4. Radioactive waste

       5. Slurries

       6. Wastewater

   53. Wire

4. Materials science and technology

   1. Absorption

   2. Aging

      1. Accelerated aging

   3. Chemical analysis

      1. Activation analysis

      2. Chemical processes

      3. Chemicals

      4. Electronic noses …​…​…​…​pH measurement

   4. Contamination

      1. Surface contamination

   5. Degradation

   6. Filtration

      1. Microfiltration

   7. Hysteresis

   8. Impurities

      1. Semiconductor impurities

   9. Materials handling

      1. Cleaning

      2. Decontamination

      3. Freight handling

      4. Materials handling equipment

      5. Remote handling

   10. Materials preparation

       1. Doping

       2. Firing

       3. Ion implantation

       4. Laser sintering

       5. Sputtering

   11. Materials reliability

   12. Materials testing

       1. Accelerated aging

       2. Acoustic testing

       3. Adhesive strength

       4. Bonding forces

       5. Delamination

       6. Elastic recovery

       7. Nondestructive testing

   13. Microstructure

   14. Periodic structures

       1. Gratings

       2. Photonic crystals

   15. Pigmentation

       1. Pigments

   16. Separation processes

       1. Fractionation

       2. Particle separators

   17. Surface engineering

   18. Surfaces  

       1. Corrosion

       2. Corrugated surfaces

       3. Rough surfaces

       4. Surface impedance

       5. Surface morphology

       6. Surface resistance

       7. Surface roughness

       8. Surface soil

       9. Surface structures

       10. Surface tension

       11. Surface texture

       12. Surface topography

       13. Surface treatment

5. Material storage

   1. Bulk storage

   2. Containers

      1. Freight containers

   3. Fuel storage

   4. Secure storage

   5. Stacking

   6. Storage automation

   7. Warehousing

   8. Water storage

      1. Reservoirs

6. Metals

   1. Alloying

      1. Intermetallic

      2. Shape memory alloys

   2. Aluminum

      1. Aluminum alloys

      2. Aluminum compounds

   3. Barium

      1. Barium compounds

   4. Bismuth

   5. Boron

      1. Boron alloys

   6. Cadmium

      1. Cadmium compounds

   7. Calcium

      1. Calcium compounds

   8. Chromium

      1. Chromium alloys

   9. Cobalt

      1. Cobalt alloys

   10. Copper

       1. Copper alloys

       2. Copper compounds

   11. Digital alloys

   12. Erbium

   13. Gallium

       1. Gallium alloys

   14. Germanium

       1. Germanium alloys

   15. Gold

       1. Gold alloys

   16. Hafnium

       1. Hafnium compounds

   17. Indium

   18. Iron

       1. Cast iron

       2. Iron alloys

   19. Lanthanum

       1. Lanthanum compounds

   20. Lead

       1. Lead isotopes

   21. Lithium

       1. Lithium compounds

   22. Magnesium

       1. Magnesium compounds

   23. Manganese

       1. Manganese alloys

   24. Mercury (metals)

   25. Metallization

       1. Integrated circuit metallization

   26. Neodymium

       1. Neodymium alloys

       2. Neodymium compounds

   27. Nickel

       1. Nickel alloys

   28. Niobium

       1. Niobium alloys

       2. Niobium compounds

   29. Palladium

   30. Platinum

       1. Platinum alloys

   31. Rare earth metals

   32. Samarium

       1. Samarium alloys

   33. Silver

   34. Steel

   35. Strontium

       1. Strontium compounds

   36. Tin

       1. Tin alloys

       2. Tin compounds

   37. Titanium

       1. Titanium alloys

       2. Titanium compounds

   38. Tungsten

   39. Yttrium

       1. Yttrium compounds

   40. Zinc 

       1. Zinc compounds

28. Mathematics

1. Accuracy

2. Algebra

   1. Abstract algebra

      1. Galois fields

      2. Modules (abstract algebra)

   2. Boolean algebra

      1. Boolean functions

   3. Linear algebra

      1. Linear programming

      2. Matrices

      3. Vectors

   4. Set theory

      1. Fuzzy sets

      2. Fuzzy set theory

      3. Rough sets

3. Algorithms

   1. Adaptive algorithms

      1. Adaptation models

   2. Algorithm design and analysis

   3. Approximation algorithms

   4. Backpropagation algorithms

   5. Basis algorithms

   6. Change detection algorithms

   7. Classification algorithms

   8. Clustering algorithms

   9. Compression algorithms

   10. Density estimation robust algorithm

   11. Detection algorithms

   12. Distributed algorithms

   13. Dynamic programming

   14. Filtering algorithms

   15. Genetic algorithms

   16. Heuristic algorithms

   17. Inference algorithms

   18. Least mean square algorithms

   19. Machine learning algorithms

   20. Matching pursuit algorithms

   21. Maximum likelihood detection

   22. MLFMA

   23. Multicast algorithms

   24. Parallel algorithms

   25. Partitioning algorithms

   26. Prediction algorithms

   27. Projection algorithms

   28. Pursuit algorithms

   29. Signal processing algorithms

   30. Software algorithms

   31. Viterbi algorithm

4. Arithmetic

   1. Digital arithmetic

   2. Fixed-point arithmetic

   3. Floating-point arithmetic

5. Azimuth

   1. Azimuthal angle

   2. Azimuthal component

   3. Azimuthal current

   4. Azimuthal harmonics

   5. Azimuthal plane

6. Boundary value problems

   1. Boundary conditions

      1. Upper bound

7. Calculus

   1. Differential equations

      1. Differential algebraic equations

      2. Navier-Stokes equations

      3. Partial differential equations

      4. Transfer functions

   2. Integral equations

      1. Probability density function

   3. Level set

8. Closed-form solutions

9. Combinatorial mathematics

   1. Graph theory

      1. Bipartite graph

      2. Optimal matching

      3. Reachability analysis

      4. Shortest path problem

      5. Tree graphs

   2. Steiner trees

10. Computational efficiency

11. Conformal mapping

12. Convergence

13. Convex functions

14. Cyclic redundancy check

    1. Cyclic redundancy check codes

15. Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions

16. Equations

    1. Boltzmann equation

    2. Difference equations

    3. Integrodifferential equations

    4. Maxwell equations

    5. Nonlinear equations

       1. Bifurcation

    6. Polynomials

    7. Riccati equations

17. Estimation

    1. Estimation error

    2. Estimation theory

       1. Cramer-Rao bounds

       2. Maximum a posteriori estimation

    3. Life estimation

    4. Maximum likelihood estimation

    5. State estimation

       1. Observers

    6. Yield estimation

18. Euclidean distance

    1. Hilbert space

19. Finite difference methods

20. Finite element analysis

21. Fourier series

22. Functional analysis

23. Geometry

    1. Computational geometry

       1. Fractals

    2. Elliptic curves

    3. Elliptic design

       1. Ellipsoids

    4. Information geometry

    5. Surface topography

       1. Nanotopography

24. Gradient methods

25. Graph theory

    1. Bipartite graph

    2. Optimal matching

    3. Reachability analysis

    4. Shortest path problem

    5. Tree graphs

26. Harmonic analysis

27. Iterative methods

    1. Expectation-maximization algorithms

    2. Iterative algorithms

       1. Belief propagation

       2. Iterative closest point algorithm

       3. Sum product algorithm

28. Kernel

    1. Null space

29. Laplace equations

30. Lattices

    1. Lattice Boltzmann methods

31. Limit-cycles

32. Linearization techniques

33. Linear matrix inequalities

34. Linear systems

35. Mathematical model

    1. Mathematical analysis

       1. Formal concept analysis

       2. Fractional calculus

       3. Modal analysis

36. Mathematical programming

37. Method of moments

38. Minimization

    1. Minimization methods

39. Mode matching methods

40. Network theory (graphs)

41. Nonlinear equations

    1. Bifurcation

42. Nonlinear systems

    1. Chaos

       1. Chaotic communication

       2. Complexity theory

       3. Spatiotemporal phenomena

    2. Nonlinear dynamical systems

43. Numerical analysis

    1. Adaptive mesh refinement

    2. Approximation methods

       1. Approximation error

       2. Chebyshev approximation

       3. Curve fitting

       4. Extrapolation

       5. Function approximation

       6. Interpolation

       7. Least squares approximations

       8. Linear approximation

       9. Perturbation methods

    3. Convergence of numerical methods

    4. Finite difference methods

    5. Finite element analysis

    6. Finite volume methods

    7. Gradient methods

    8. Independent component analysis

    9. Iterative methods

       1. Expectation-maximization algorithms

       2. Iterative algorithms

    10. Method of moments

    11. Mode matching methods

    12. Multigrid methods

    13. Newton method

    14. Numerical simulation

    15. Numerical stability

    16. Relaxation methods

    17. Sparse matrices

    18. Splines (mathematics)

    19. Surface fitting

        1. Response surface methodology

    20. Symmetric matrices

    21. Transmission line matrix methods

44. Optimization

    1. Cost function

    2. Optimal scheduling

    3. Optimization methods

       1. Circuit optimization

       2. Design optimization

       3. Gradient methods

       4. H infinity control

       5. Mathematical programming

       6. Optimized production technology

       7. Pareto optimization

       8. Quadratic programming

       9. Simulated annealing

45. Piecewise linear techniques

    1. Piecewise linear approximation

46. Predator prey systems

47. Probability

    1. Ant colony optimization

    2. Bayes methods

       1. Recursive estimation

    3. Error probability

    4. Forecasting

       1. Demand forecasting

       2. Economic forecasting

       3. Forecast uncertainty

       4. Technology forecasting

    5. Memoryless systems

    6. Pairwise error probability

    7. Possibility theory

    8. Probability distribution

       1. Exponential distribution

       2. Log-normal distribution

       3. Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution

       4. Nakagami distribution

    9. Random variables

    10. Statistical distributions

        1. Distribution functions

        2. Gaussian distribution

        3. Weibull distribution

    11. Uncertainty

        1. Forecast uncertainty

48. Quaternions

49. Random processes

    1. Brownian motion

50. Root mean square

51. Sequences

    1. Binary sequences

    2. Random sequences

52. Set theory

    1. Fuzzy sets

    2. Fuzzy set theory

    3. Rough sets

53. Simulated annealing

54. Smoothing methods

55. Spirals

56. Statistics

    1. Adaptive estimation

    2. Autoregressive processes

    3. Boltzmann distribution

       1. Lattice Boltzmann methods

    4. Correlation

       1. Autocorrelation

    5. Correlation coefficient

    6. Covariance matrices

    7. Gaussian mixture model

    8. Higher order statistics

    9. Histograms

    10. Least squares methods

        1. Least mean squares methods

        2. Least squares approximations

    11. Linear discriminant analysis

    12. Maximum likelihood estimation

    13. Mean square error methods

    14. Minimax techniques

    15. Parametric statistics

    16. Prediction theory

    17. Ranking (statistics)

    18. Root mean square

    19. Sampling methods

        1. Compressed sensing

        2. Nonuniform sampling

    20. Statistical analysis

        1. Analysis of variance

        2. Mode matching methods

        3. Monte Carlo methods

        4. Parameter estimation

        5. Pareto analysis

        6. Principal component analysis

        7. Regression analysis

    21. Time series analysis

57. Stochastic processes

    1. Gaussian processes

       1. Gaussian mixture model

    2. Markov processes

       1. Markov random fields

58. Taylor series

59. Topology

60. Transforms

    1. Discrete transforms

       1. Discrete cosine transforms

    2. Empirical mode decomposition

    3. Fourier transforms

       1. Discrete Fourier transforms

       2. Fast Fourier transforms

    4. Karhunen-Loeve transforms

    5. Poincare invariance

    6. Wavelet transforms

       1. Biorthogonal modulation

       2. Continuous wavelet transforms

       3. Discrete wavelet transforms

       4. Wavelet coefficients

       5. Wavelet packets

61. Transmission line matrix methods

62. Uncertain systems

63. Utility theory

29. Microwave theory and techniques

1. Microwave technology

   1. Beam steering

   2. Circulators

   3. Masers

      1. Gyrotrons

   4. Microwave bands

      1. C-band

      2. K-band

      3. L-band

   5. Microwave circuits

   6. Microwave communication

      1. Rectennas

   7. Microwave devices

      1. Masers

      2. Microwave amplifiers

      3. Microwave filters

      4. Microwave transistors

   8. Microwave generation

      1. High power microwave generation

   9. Microwave photonics

   10. Microwave sensors

2. Millimeter wave technology

   1. Millimeter wave circuits

      1. Millimeter wave integrated circuits

   2. Millimeter wave communication

   3. Millimeter wave devices

      1. Millimeter wave transistors

   4. Millimeter wave integrated circuits

      1. MIMICs

   5. Millimeter wave radar

3. Submillimeter wave technology

   1. Submillimeter wave circuits

      1. Submillimeter wave integrated circuits

   2. Submillimeter wave communication

   3. Submillimeter wave devices

      1. Submillimeter wave filters

   4. Submillimeter wave integrated circuits

30. Nanotechnology

1. Bionanotechnology

2. Casimir effect

3. Molecular computing

4. Molecular electronics

5. Nanobioscience

   1. DNA computing

   2. Nanobiotechnology

6. Nanoelectromechanical systems

7. Nanoelectronics

8. Nanofabrication

9. Nanofluidics

10. Nanolithography

11. Nanomaterials

12. Nanopatterning

    1. Colloidal lithography

13. Nanophotonics

14. Nanopositioning

15. Nanoscale devices

    1. Nanocontacts

    2. Nanotube devices

16. Nanosensors

17. Nanostructured materials

    1. Nanocomposites

    2. Nanoporous materials

18. Nanostructures

    1. Nanoparticles

       1. Nanocrystals

    2. Nanotubes

       1. Carbon nanotubes

       2. Semiconductor nanotubes

    3. Nanowires

    4. Semiconductor nanostructures

19. Self-assembly

    1. Electrostatic self-assembly

20. Self-replicating machines

31. Nuclear and plasma sciences

1. Biomedical applications of radiation

2. Colliding beam devices

   1. Colliding beam accelerators

   2. Muon colliders

3. Electron emission

   1. Ballistic transport

      1. Electronic ballasts

4. Elementary particles

   1. Charge carriers

      1. Charge carrier density

      2. Charge carrier lifetime

      3. Charge carrier mobility

      4. Charge carrier processes

      5. Hot carriers

   2. Electrons

      1. Electron sources

      2. Quantum wells

      3. Trions

   3. Elementary particle exchange interactions

   4. Elementary particle vacuum

   5. Ions

      1. Ionization

      2. Ion sources

   6. Mesons

   7. Neutrino sources

   8. Neutrons

   9. Particle beams

      1. Atomic beams

      2. Electron beams

      3. Ion beams

   10. Particle collisions

   11. Phonons

   12. Positrons

   13. Protons

5. Fusion power generation

6. Fusion reactors

   1. Fusion reactor design

   2. Tokamaks

      1. Tokamak devices

7. Gamma-rays

   1. Gamma-ray bursts

   2. Gamma-ray detection

   3. Gamma-ray effects

8. Gas discharge devices

   1. Glow discharge devices

9. High energy physics instrumentation computing

   1. Linear particle accelerator

10. Ion beam applications

    1. Ion implantation

       1. Plasma immersion ion implantation

11. Ion emission

12. Nuclear electronics

13. Nuclear imaging

    1. Energy resolution

14. Nuclear medicine

15. Nuclear physics

    1. Alpha particles

    2. Beta rays

    3. Ignition

    4. Ion sources

    5. Isotopes

    6. Nuclear phase transformations

    7. Nuclear thermodynamics

    8. Relativistic effects

16. Particle accelerators

    1. Accelerator magnets

    2. Colliding beam accelerators

    3. Cyclotrons

    4. Electron accelerators

    5. Ion accelerators

    6. Linear accelerators

    7. Photon collider

    8. Plasma accelerators

    9. Proton accelerators

    10. Storage rings

    11. Synchrocyclotrons

    12. Synchrotrons

        1. Synchrotron radiation

        2. Undulators

17. Particle beam handling

18. Particle beam injection

19. Plasmas

    1. Atmospheric-pressure plasmas

    2. Plasma applications

       1. Plasma devices

       2. Plasma immersion ion implantation

       3. Plasma welding

       4. Tokamaks

    3. Plasma confinement

       1. Inertial confinement

       2. Magnetic confinement

    4. Plasma diagnostics

    5. Plasma properties

       1. Dusty plasmas

       2. Plasma chemistry

       3. Plasma density

       4. Plasma sheaths

       5. Plasma stability

       6. Plasma temperature

       7. Plasmons

    6. Plasma simulation

    7. Plasma sources

    8. Plasma transport processes

20. Radiation effects

    1. Biological effects of radiation

    2. Gamma-ray effects

    3. Ion radiation effects

    4. Neutron radiation effects

21. Radiation hardening (electronics)

22. Radiation monitoring

    1. Radiation dosage

23. Radiation safety

24. Reactor instrumentation

25. Scintillation counters

    1. Solid scintillation detectors

26. Thermionic emission

32. Oceanic engineering and marine technology

1. Marine navigation

2. Marine technology

   1. Marine equipment

   2. Marine transportation

      1. Marine vehicles

   3. Underwater cables

   4. Underwater communication

   5. Underwater equipment

      1. Rebreathing equipment

   6. Underwater structures

   7. Underwater technology

      1. Underwater communication

      2. Underwater equipment

      3. Underwater structures

3. Oceanographic techniques

4. Ocean temperature

5. Water pollution

   1. Marine pollution

33. Power electronics

1. Converters

   1. AC-AC converters

   2. DC-AC power converters

   3. Digital-to-frequency converters

   4. Frequency conversion

      1. Mixers

      2. Optical frequency conversion

   5. Power conversion

      1. AC-AC converters

      2. AC-DC power converters

      3. DC-AC power converters

      4. DC-DC power converters

      5. Matrix converters

      6. Power conversion harmonics

   6. Pulse width modulation converters

   7. Static power converters

   8. Wavelength converters

2. Current limiters

   1. Fault current limiters

3. Inverters

   1. Pulse inverters

   2. Resonant inverters

4. Phase control

5. Power conditioning

   1. Power smoothing

6. Power semiconductor devices

   1. Power transistors

7. Power semiconductor switches

   1. Bipolar transistors

      1. Insulated gate bipolar transistors

      2. Kirk field collapse effect

   2. Thyristors

      1. Photothyristors

8. Snubbers

9. Three-phase electric power

34. Power engineering and energy

1. Electric variables control

   1. Current control

      1. Electrical ballasts

      2. Electric current control

   2. Gain control

   3. Power control

   4. Power system control

      1. Bidirectional power flow

      2. Load flow control

      3. SCADA systems

   5. Reactive power control

   6. Voltage control

      1. Automatic voltage control

2. Energy

   1. Energy barrier

   2. Energy capture

   3. Energy consumption

   4. Energy conversion

      1. Batteries

      2. Fuel cells

      3. Motors

      4. Photovoltaic cells

      5. Potential well

      6. Solar heating

      7. Thermoelectricity

      8. Waste heat

   5. Energy dissipation

   6. Energy exchange

      1. Inductive charging

   7. Energy harvesting

   8. Energy management

      1. Energy conservation

      2. Energy efficiency

      3. Load management

   9. Energy resources

      1. Fuels

      2. Geothermal energy

      3. Nuclear fuels

      4. Solar energy

      5. Wave power

      6. Wind energy

      7. Wind farms

   10. Energy states

       1. Effective mass

       2. Orbital calculations

   11. Energy storage

       1. Batteries

       2. Flywheels

       3. Fuel cells

       4. Hydrogen storage

       5. Supercapacitors

       6. Superconducting magnetic energy storage

3. Power engineering

   1. Ferroresonance

   2. High-voltage techniques

   3. Power engineering computing

   4. Power system simulation

4. Power generation

   1. Automatic generation control

   2. Cogeneration

   3. Distributed power generation

   4. Geothermal power generation

   5. Hydroelectric power generation

      1. Hydroelectric-thermal power generation

      2. Microhydro power

      3. Picohydro power

   6. Magnetohydrodynamic power generation

   7. Nuclear power generation

      1. Fission reactors

      2. Fusion power generation

   8. Power generation control

   9. Power generation dispatch

   10. Power generation planning

   11. Solar power generation

       1. Maximum power point trackers

       2. Photovoltaic systems

   12. Trigeneration

   13. Turbomachinery

       1. Turbines

       2. Turbogenerators

   14. Wind energy generation

       1. Wind energy integration

   15. Wind power generation

5. Power systems

   1. Hybrid power systems

   2. Industrial power systems

   3. Power distribution

      1. Power distribution faults

      2. Power distribution lines

   4. Power grids

      1. Microgrids

      2. Smart grids

   5. Power supplies

      1. Battery chargers

      2. Charging stations

      3. Current supplies

      4. Emergency power supplies

      5. Inductive charging

      6. Islanding

      7. Power demand

      8. Power quality

      9. Power system restoration

      10. Switched-mode power supply

      11. Traction power supplies

      12. Umbilical cable

   6. Power system analysis computing

   7. Power system dynamics

   8. Power system economics

   9. Power system faults

   10. Power system harmonics

       1. Power harmonic filters

   11. Power system management

       1. Load flow

   12. Power system measurements

       1. Meter reading

   13. Power system planning

       1. Power demand

   14. Power system protection

       1. Electrical safety

       2. Substation protection

       3. Surge protection

   15. Power system reliability

   16. Power system stability

   17. Power transmission

       1. Flexible AC transmission systems

       2. HVDC transmission

       3. Inductive power transmission

       4. Static VAr compensators

       5. Transmission lines

   18. PSCAD

   19. Pulse power systems

       1. Pulsed power supplies

   20. Reactive power

   21. Substations

       1. Substation automation

       2. Substation protection

   22. Transformers

       1. Current transformers

       2. Flyback transformers

       3. Instrument transformers

       4. Phase transformers

       5. Power transformers

       6. Pulse transformers

   23. Uninterruptible power systems

   24. Wind energy integration

35. Product safety engineering

1. Consumer protection

2. Power system protection

   1. Electrical safety

      1. Fault protection

      2. Grounding

   2. Substation protection

   3. Surge protection

      1. Arresters

3. Safety

   1. Aerospace safety

      1. Air safety

   2. Domestic safety

   3. Emergency services

   4. Explosion protection

   5. Hazards

      1. Biohazards

      2. Chemical hazards

      3. Explosions

      4. Fires

      5. Flammability

      6. Floods

      7. Hazardous areas

      8. Hazardous materials

      9. Toxicology

   6. Health and safety

      1. Occupational health

      2. Occupational safety

   7. Marine safety

   8. Product safety

   9. Protection

      1. Explosion protection

      2. Lightning protection

   10. Radiation safety

   11. Safety devices

       1. Eye protection

       2. Protective clothing

   12. Vehicle safety

4. Vehicle crash testing

36. Professional communication

1. Collaboration

   1. Collaborative tools

      1. Call conference

      2. Collaborative software

      3. Videoconferences

   2. Discussion forums

   3. Teamwork

   4. Virtual groups

2. Communication aids

3. Communication effectiveness

4. Communication symbols

   1. Semiotics

      1. Pragmatics

      2. Semantics

      3. Syntactics

5. Context

6. Databases

   1. Database systems

      1. Audio databases

      2. Deductive databases

      3. Image databases

      4. Indexes

      5. Multimedia databases

      6. Object oriented databases

      7. Query processing

   2. Deductive databases

   3. Distributed databases

   4. Image databases

      1. Image retrieval

   5. Multimedia databases

   6. Object oriented databases

   7. Relational databases

   8. Spatial databases

   9. Transaction databases

      1. Itemsets

   10. Visual databases

7. Global communication

   1. Cross-cultural communication

   2. Geographic information systems

      1. Geospatial analysis

      2. Gunshot detection systems

8. Grammar

9. Information analysis

   1. Indexing

10. Information resources

11. Information retrieval

    1. Blogs

    2. Content-based retrieval

    3. Hypertext systems

    4. Information filtering

       1. Information filters

       2. Recommender systems

    5. Information rates

    6. Music information retrieval

    7. Online services

    8. Search engines

    9. Search methods

       1. Keyword search

       2. Metasearch

       3. Nearest neighbor searches

       4. Search problems

       5. Web search

    10. Social network services

        1. Computer mediated communication

        2. Facebook

        3. LinkedIn

        4. MySpace

        5. Second Life

        6. Twitter

        7. YouTube

    11. Tagging

        1. Tag clouds

    12. Taxonomy

    13. Terminology

        1. Dictionaries

    14. Video sharing

        1. Facebook

        2. MySpace

        3. YouTube

    15. Vocabulary

    16. Web sites

        1. Facebook

        2. MySpace

        3. Uniform resource locators

        4. Web design

        5. YouTube

12. Information science

13. Information services

    1. Ask IEEE

    2. Dictionaries

    3. Document delivery

       1. Ask IEEE

    4. Encyclopedias

    5. Libraries

       1. Software libraries

    6. Teletext

    7. Videotex

    8. Wikipedia

14. Information systems

    1. Database systems

       1. Audio databases

       2. Deductive databases

       3. Image databases

       4. Indexes

       5. Multimedia databases

       6. Object oriented databases

       7. Query processing

    2. Data systems

       1. Data acquisition

       2. Data compression

       3. Data conversion

       4. Data engineering

       5. Data handling

       6. Data processing

       7. Data storage systems

       8. Data warehouses

    3. Distributed information systems

       1. Publish-subscribe

    4. Identity management systems

    5. Informatics

       1. Biomedical informatics

       2. Cognitive informatics

    6. Information architecture

    7. Information management

       1. Competitive intelligence

       2. Document handling

       3. Information security

       4. Information sharing

       5. Knowledge transfer

    8. Information processing

       1. Informatics

       2. Information exchange

       3. Sonification

    9. Management information systems

       1. Portals

    10. Medical information systems

        1. Electronic medical records

15. Information technology

    1. Information representation

    2. Printing

       1. Digital printing

       2. Teleprinting

    3. Service computing

    4. Telematics

    5. Universal Serial Bus

16. Manuals

17. Oral communication

    1. Public speaking

    2. Speech

18. Plagiarism

19. Portfolios

20. Professional societies

21. Public speaking

22. Rhetoric

23. Writing

    1. Abstracts

    2. Bibliographies

    3. Biographies

       1. Autobiographies

    4. Dictionaries

    5. Documentation

    6. Grammar

    7. Readability metrics

    8. Resumes

    9. Reviews

    10. Thesauri

37. Reliability

1. Availability

2. Fault diagnosis

   1. Dissolved gas analysis

   2. Fault location

3. Fault tolerance

   1. Redundancy

4. Fluctuations

5. Integrated circuit reliability

6. Maintenance

7. Maldistribution

8. Materials reliability

9. Reliability engineering

10. Reliability theory

11. Robustness

12. Semiconductor device reliability

13. Software reliability

14. Stability

    1. Circuit stability

    2. Robust stability

    3. Stability analysis

       1. Stability criteria

    4. Thermal stability

15. Telecommunication network reliability

38. Resonance

1. Ferroresonance

2. Magnetic resonance

   1. Nuclear magnetic resonance

   2. Paramagnetic resonance

3. Resonance light scattering

4. Stochastic resonance

39. Robotics and automation

1. Animatronics

2. Automation

   1. Automated highways

   2. Automatic generation control

   3. Automatic testing

      1. Automatic test pattern generation

      2. Ring generators

   4. Building automation

   5. Manufacturing automation

      1. Computer aided manufacturing

      2. Computer integrated manufacturing

      3. Computer numerical control

      4. Flexible manufacturing systems

   6. Office automation

      1. Workflow management software

   7. Storage automation

3. Multi-robot systems

4. Robots

   1. Androids

   2. Aquatic robots

   3. Automata

      1. Turing machines

   4. Cognitive robotics

   5. Computer vision

      1. Active appearance model

      2. Face detection

      3. Smart cameras

   6. Educational robots

   7. Humanoid robots

   8. Intelligent robots

   9. Manipulators

      1. End effectors

      2. Manipulator dynamics

      3. Micromanipulators

   10. Medical robotics

       1. Rehabilitation robotics

   11. Mobile robots

       1. Climbing robots

       2. Legged locomotion

   12. Orbital robotics

   13. Parallel robots

   14. Robot control

       1. Robot motion

   15. Robot kinematics

       1. Motion analysis

   16. Robot programming

   17. Robot sensing systems

       1. Robot vision systems

       2. Simultaneous localization and mapping

       3. Tactile sensors

   18. Service robots

   19. Telerobotics

       1. Teleoperators

40. Science - general

1. Astronomy

   1. Astrophysics

   2. Observatories

   3. Orbits (stellar)

   4. Planets

      1. Earth

      2. Extrasolar planets

      3. Jupiter

      4. Mars

      5. Mercury (planets)

      6. Pluto

      7. Saturn

      8. Sun

      9. Venus

   5. Radio astronomy

   6. Solar system

      1. Kuiper belt

   7. Stellar dynamics

      1. Stellar motion

2. Biology

   1. Biochemistry

      1. Amino acids

      2. Biochemical analysis

      3. Peptides

      4. Proteins

   2. Biodiversity

      1. Biogeography

   3. Bioelectric phenomena

      1. Electric shock

   4. Biological cells

      1. Cells (biology)

      2. Chromosome mapping

      3. Fibroblasts

      4. RNA

      5. Stem cells

   5. Biological information theory

   6. Biological processes

      1. Biological interactions

      2. Chronobiology

      3. Circadian rhythm

      4. Coagulation

      5. Symbiosis

   7. Biological system modeling

   8. Biological systems

      1. Anatomy

      2. Molecular communication

      3. Organisms

   9. Biology computing

   10. Biophotonics

   11. Biophysics

       1. Aerospace biophysics

       2. Biomagnetics

       3. Cellular biophysics

       4. Molecular biophysics

   12. Evolution (biology)

       1. Memetics

       2. Phylogeny

   13. Genetics

       1. DNA

       2. Gene therapy

       3. Genetic communication

       4. Genetic expression

       5. Genetic programming

       6. Genomics

   14. Microinjection

   15. Nanobioscience

       1. DNA computing

       2. Nanobiotechnology

   16. Physiology

   17. Predator prey systems

   18. Synthetic biology

   19. Systematics

   20. Systems biology

   21. Vegetation

       1. Crops

       2. Marine vegetation

   22. Zoology

       1. Animals

3. Chemistry

   1. Astrochemistry

   2. Biochemistry

      1. Amino acids

      2. Biochemical analysis

      3. Peptides

      4. Proteins

   3. Chemical analysis

      1. Activation analysis

      2. Chemical processes

      3. Chemicals

      4. Electronic noses …​…​…​…​pH measurement

   4. Chemical compounds

      1. Anti-freeze

      2. Ethanol

      3. Methanol

   5. Inorganic chemicals

   6. Interstellar chemistry

   7. Organic chemicals

      1. Hydrocarbons

   8. Photochemistry

      1. Photobleaching

4. Electricity

   1. Photoelectricity

      1. Photovoltaic effects

   2. Piezoelectricity

      1. Piezoelectric effect

      2. Piezoelectric polarization

   3. Pyroelectricity

   4. Thermoelectricity

      1. Electrothermal effects

      2. Thermoelectric devices

   5. Triboelectricity

5. Geoscience

   1. Antarctica

      1. South Pole

   2. Arctic

      1. North Pole

   3. Atmosphere

      1. Atmospheric modeling

      2. Atmospheric waves

   4. Biosphere

   5. Continents

      1. Africa

      2. Asia

      3. Australia

      4. Europe

      5. North America

      6. South America

   6. Cyclones

      1. Hurricanes

      2. Tropical cyclones

   7. Earth

   8. Earthquakes

      1. Earthquake engineering

   9. Forestry

   10. Geoengineering

   11. Geography

       1. Cities and towns

       2. Rural areas

       3. Urban areas

   12. Geology

       1. Minerals

       2. Rocks

   13. Geophysics

       1. EMTDC

       2. Extraterrestrial phenomena

       3. Geodynamics

       4. Geophysics computing

       5. Meteorology

       6. Moisture

       7. Seismology

       8. Surface waves

       9. Well logging

   14. Ice

       1. Ice shelf

       2. Ice surface

       3. Ice thickness

       4. Sea ice

   15. Lakes

   16. Land surface

   17. Levee

   18. Meteorological factors

   19. Oceans

       1. Ocean salinity

       2. Ocean temperature

       3. Sea coast

       4. Sea floor

       5. Sea level

       6. Sea surface

       7. Tides

   20. Rivers

   21. Sediments

   22. Soil

       1. Soil moisture

       2. Soil properties

       3. Soil texture

   23. Tornadoes

   24. Tsunami

   25. Volcanoes

       1. Planetary volcanoes

       2. Volcanic activity

       3. Volcanic ash

6. Metrology

7. Physics

   1. Acoustics

      1. Acoustic applications

      2. Acoustic devices

      3. Acoustic emission

      4. Acoustic noise

      5. Acoustic propagation

      6. Acoustic pulses

      7. Acoustic waves

      8. Acoustooptic effects

      9. Biomedical acoustics

      10. Cepstral analysis

      11. Music

      12. Nonlinear acoustics

      13. Psychoacoustics

      14. Reverberation

      15. Spectral shape

      16. Underwater acoustics

   2. Astrophysics

   3. Beams

      1. Acoustic beams

      2. Laser beams

      3. Molecular beams

      4. Optical beams

      5. Particle beams

   4. Biophysics

      1. Aerospace biophysics

      2. Biomagnetics

      3. Cellular biophysics

      4. Molecular biophysics

   5. Dark energy

   6. Entropy

   7. Fluid flow

      1. Fluid dynamics

      2. Hydraulic diameter

      3. Hydrology

      4. Pipelines

      5. Valves

   8. Geophysics

      1. EMTDC

      2. Extraterrestrial phenomena

      3. Geodynamics

      4. Geophysics computing

      5. Meteorology

      6. Moisture

      7. Seismology

      8. Surface waves

      9. Well logging

   9. Kinetic theory

      1. Kinetic energy

   10. Levitation

       1. Electrostatic levitation

       2. Magnetic levitation

   11. Lorentz covariance

   12. Mechanical factors

       1. Acceleration

       2. Aerodynamics

       3. Biomechanics

       4. Damping

       5. Dynamics

       6. Fatigue

       7. Force

       8. Friction

       9. Hydrodynamics

       10. Kinematics

       11. Lubrication

       12. Magnetohydrodynamics

       13. Photoelasticity

       14. Pressure effects

       15. Shock (mechanics)

       16. Strain

       17. Stress

       18. Surface cracks

       19. Torque

       20. Vibrations

       21. Volume relaxation

       22. Workability

   13. Network theory (graphs)

   14. Orbits

   15. Physics education

   16. Quantum mechanics

       1. Density functional theory

       2. Lagrangian functions

       3. Proton effects

       4. Quantum capacitance

       5. Quantum entanglement

       6. Relativistic quantum mechanics

       7. Schrodinger equation

       8. Stationary state

       9. Teleportation

       10. Tunneling

   17. String theory

   18. Thermal factors

       1. Temperature

       2. Temperature dependence

       3. Thermal conductivity

       4. Thermal expansion

       5. Thermal management

       6. Thermal stresses

       7. Thermoelasticity

       8. Thermoelectricity

       9. Thermolysis

       10. Thermooptic effects

       11. Thermoresistivity

   19. Waves

       1. Atmospheric waves

       2. Berry phase

       3. Doppler effect

       4. Electrodynamics

       5. Magnetostatic waves

       6. Matter waves

       7. Plasma waves

       8. Propagation

       9. Reflectivity

       10. Seismic waves

       11. Shock waves

       12. Solitons

       13. Surface acoustic waves

       14. Wave functions

8. Sociology

   1. Digital divide

9. Thermodynamics

   1. Isobaric

   2. Isothermal processes

41. Sensors

1. Acoustic sensors

2. Chemical and biological sensors

   1. Biosensors

   2. Gas detectors

      1. Amperometric sensors

3. Electromechanical sensors

   1. Microsensors

4. Force sensors

5. Infrared sensors

6. Intelligent sensors

7. Intracranial pressure sensors

8. Ionizing radiation sensors

   1. Position sensitive particle detectors

   2. Radiation detectors

      1. Bolometers

      2. Gamma-ray detectors

      3. Infrared detectors

      4. Photodetectors

      5. Semiconductor radiation detectors

      6. Silicon radiation detectors

   3. X-ray detectors

9. Magnetic sensors

   1. Spin valves

10. Mechanical sensors

    1. Capacitive sensors

11. Multimodal sensors

12. Nanosensors

13. Optical sensors

    1. Optical detectors

       1. Bar codes

    2. Optical fiber sensors

14. Optoelectronic and photonic sensors

15. Sensor phenomena and characterization

16. Sensor systems and applications

    1. Detectors

       1. Envelope detectors

       2. Semiconductor detectors

    2. Electric sensing devices

    3. Leak detection

    4. Radiofrequency identification

       1. RFID tags

    5. Robot sensing systems

       1. Robot vision systems

       2. Simultaneous localization and mapping

       3. Tactile sensors

    6. Sensor arrays

       1. Sensor fusion

    7. Sensor systems

       1. Gunshot detection systems

17. Thermal sensors

    1. Temperature sensors

18. Thick film sensors

19. Thin film sensors

20. Wearable sensors

42. Signal processing

1. Acoustic signal processing

   1. Active noise reduction

      1. Echo cancellers

   2. Speech processing

      1. Human voice

      2. Speech enhancement

      3. Speech synthesis

2. Adaptive signal processing

   1. Adaptive filters

   2. Adaptive signal detection

3. Amplifiers

   1. Broadband amplifiers

   2. Cavity resonators

      1. Laser cavity resonators

   3. Differential amplifiers

   4. Distributed amplifiers

   5. Low-noise amplifiers

   6. Operational amplifiers

      1. Feedback amplifier

   7. Power amplifiers

      1. High power amplifiers

      2. Predistortion

   8. Preamplifiers

   9. Pulse amplifiers

   10. Radiofrequency amplifiers

4. Array signal processing

5. Attenuators

   1. Optical attenuators

6. Chirp

7. Convolution

   1. Convolvers

8. Decorrelation

9. Digital signal processing

   1. Delta modulation

      1. Delta-sigma modulation

      2. Sigma-delta modulation

   2. Digital signal processing chips

10. Dispersion

    1. Chromatic dispersion

    2. Optical fiber dispersion

11. Distortion

    1. Acoustic distortion

    2. Four-wave mixing

    3. Jitter

       1. Timing jitter

    4. Nonlinear distortion

       1. Harmonic distortion

       2. Intermodulation distortion

    5. Phase distortion

12. Error correction

    1. Forward error correction

13. Fading

    1. Frequency-selective fading channels

    2. Rayleigh channels

    3. Weibull fading channels

14. Filters

    1. Active filters

       1. Band-pass filters

    2. Anisotropic

    3. Bragg gratings

       1. Fiber gratings

    4. Channel bank filters

    5. Digital filters

       1. Finite impulse response filters

    6. Equalizers

       1. Adaptive equalizers

       2. Blind equalizers

       3. Decision feedback equalizers

    7. Filtering theory

    8. Gabor filters

    9. Harmonic filters

    10. IIR filters

    11. Kalman filters

    12. Low-pass filters

    13. Matched filters

    14. Microstrip filters

    15. Nonlinear filters

    16. Particle filters

    17. Power filters

        1. Spurline

    18. Resonator filters

    19. Spatial filters

    20. Superconducting filters

    21. Transversal filters

15. Frequency locked loops

16. Geophysical signal processing

17. Limiting

18. Modulation

    1. Amplitude modulation

       1. Amplitude shift keying

       2. Quadrature amplitude modulation

    2. Chirp modulation

    3. Demodulation

    4. Digital modulation

       1. Constellation diagram

       2. Partial response signaling

    5. Frequency modulation

       1. Frequency shift keying

    6. Magnetic modulators

    7. Modulation coding

       1. Interleaved codes

    8. Optical modulation

       1. Electrooptic modulators

       2. Intensity modulation

    9. Phase modulation

       1. Continuous phase modulation

       2. Differential phase shift keying

       3. Phase shift keying

    10. Pulse modulation

    11. Pulse width modulation

        1. Pulse width modulation inverters

        2. Space vector pulse width modulation

19. Multidimensional signal processing

    1. Video signal processing

       1. Video coding

       2. Video compression

20. Noise …​…​..1f noise

    1. Additive noise

       1. Additive white noise

       2. AWGN

    2. Colored noise

    3. Gaussian noise

       1. AWGN

    4. Laser noise

       1. Laser feedback

    5. Low-frequency noise

    6. Noise cancellation

    7. Phase noise

    8. Signal to noise ratio

       1. PSNR

    9. Superconducting device noise

    10. White noise

        1. AWGN

21. Optical signal processing

    1. Laser noise

       1. Laser feedback

22. Optical wavelength conversion

23. Phase locked loops

24. Pulse compression methods

    1. Optical pulse compression

25. Pulse shaping methods

    1. Optical pulse shaping

26. Quantization (signal)

    1. Vector quantization

27. Radar signal processing

28. Recording

    1. Audio recording

    2. Digital recording

    3. Disk recording

    4. Magnetic recording

       1. Digital magnetic recording

       2. Heat-assisted magnetic recording

       3. Magnetic noise

       4. Magnetooptic recording

       5. Microwave-assisted magnetic recording

       6. Perpendicular magnetic recording

    5. Optical recording

       1. CD recording

    6. Video recording

       1. High definition video

       2. Webcams

29. RF signals

30. Signal analysis

    1. Discrete-event systems

    2. Harmonic analysis

    3. Parameter estimation

       1. Amplitude estimation

       2. Direction-of-arrival estimation

       3. Frequency estimation

       4. Motion estimation

       5. Phase estimation

       6. Time of arrival estimation

    4. Signal mapping

    5. Spectral analysis

       1. Infrared spectra

       2. Judd-Ofelt theory

       3. Spectroradiometers

31. Signal design

32. Signal detection

    1. Acoustic signal detection

       1. Sonar detection

    2. Motion detection

    3. Multiuser detection

    4. Optical signal detection

    5. Phase detection

       1. Phase frequency detector

    6. Radar detection

33. Signal generators

    1. Noise generators

    2. Pulse generation

       1. Optical pulse generation

34. Signal reconstruction

    1. Signal denoising

35. Signal resolution

    1. Diversity reception

36. Signal restoration

37. Signal sampling

38. Signal synthesis

39. Source separation

    1. Blind source separation

40. Spectrogram

41. Tracking loops

43. Social implications of technology

1. Cultural differences

2. Environmental factors

   1. Biosphere

   2. Ecosystems

   3. Environmental economics

      1. Carbon tax

   4. Environmental monitoring

   5. Global warming

   6. Green products

      1. Green buildings

      2. Green cleaning

   7. Pollution

      1. Air pollution

      2. Industrial pollution

      3. Land pollution

      4. Oil pollution

      5. Radioactive pollution

      6. Thermal pollution

      7. Urban pollution

      8. Water pollution

3. Ethical aspects

4. Globalization

5. International relations

6. Peace technology

7. Philosophical considerations

8. Social factors

   1. Demography

   2. Technology social factors

      1. Privacy

9. Sustainable development

10. Technology

    1. Appropriate technology

    2. Technological innovation

    3. Technology social factors

       1. Privacy

    4. Technology transfer

       1. Small business technology transfer

44. Solid state circuits

1. Circuit subsystems

2. Circuit theory

3. FET circuits

   1. FET integrated circuits

      1. Field effect MMIC

      2. MESFET integrated circuits

   2. JFET circuits

      1. JFET integrated circuits

   3. MESFET circuits

      1. MESFET integrated circuits

   4. MODFET circuits

      1. MODFET integrated circuits

   5. MOSFET circuits

      1. CMOSFET circuits

      2. MOS integrated circuits

      3. Power MOSFET

4. Gate leakage

5. Solid state circuit design

6. Transistors

   1. Field effect transistors

      1. CNTFETs

      2. Double-gate FETs

      3. HEMTs

      4. JFETs

      5. MESFETs

      6. MISFETs

      7. MODFETs

      8. MOSFET

      9. MOSHFETs

      10. OFETs

      11. Schottky gate field effect transistors

      12. Thin film transistors

   2. Heterojunction bipolar transistors

      1. Double heterojunction bipolar transistors

   3. Millimeter wave transistors

   4. Phototransistors

45. Superconductivity

1. Bean model

2. Critical current density (superconductivity)

   1. Critical current density

3. Flux pinning

4. Superconducting devices

   1. Josephson junctions

   2. SQUIDs

   3. Superconducting coils

   4. Superconducting magnets

   5. Superconducting microwave devices

   6. Superconducting photodetectors

5. Superconducting filaments and wires

6. Superconducting films

   1. Superconducting thin films

7. Superconducting integrated circuits

8. Superconducting magnetic energy storage

9. Superconducting materials

   1. Granular superconductors

   2. High-temperature superconductors

      1. Yttrium barium copper oxide

   3. Multifilamentary superconductors

   4. Niobium-tin

   5. Type II superconductors

10. Superconducting transition temperature

46. Systems engineering and theory

[[Systems engineering and theory]]

1. Adaptive systems

   1. Adaptive control

   2. Line enhancers

   3. Multi-agent systems

   4. Variable structure systems

2. Hierarchical systems

   1. Multilevel systems

3. Modeling

   1. Analytical models

   2. Atmospheric modeling

   3. Brain modeling

   4. Computational modeling

      1. Computational cultural modeling

   5. Context modeling

   6. Data models

   7. Deformable models

   8. Digital elevation models

   9. Emulation

   10. Graphical models

   11. Green’s function methods

   12. Hidden Markov models

   13. Input variables

   14. Integrated circuit modeling  

       1. Cutoff frequency

   15. Inverse problems

       1. Deconvolution

   16. Load modeling

   17. Metamodeling

   18. Numerical models

   19. Object oriented modeling

   20. Power system modeling

       1. Load modeling

   21. Semiconductor device modeling

   22. Semiconductor process modeling

   23. Signal representation

   24. Simulation

       1. Computer simulation

       2. Digital simulation

       3. Medical simulation

   25. Solid modeling

   26. System identification

4. Multidimensional systems

5. Reduced order systems

6. Stochastic systems

7. System analysis and design

   1. Asymptotic stability

   2. Control system analysis

      1. State-space methods

   3. Diakoptics

   4. Distributed processing

      1. Message passing

   5. Distributed vision networks

   6. Fault detection

   7. Fault tolerant systems

   8. Interconnected systems

   9. Large-scale systems

   10. Lyapunov methods

   11. Open systems

       1. Open Access

       2. Physical layer

   12. Petri nets

   13. Robust control

   14. Scalability

   15. Scattering parameters

   16. Sequential analysis

   17. Sequential diagnosis

   18. Software prototyping

   19. System-level design

   20. System performance

       1. Cooperative caching

   21. Time factors

       1. Continuous time systems

       2. Discrete-time systems

       3. Time invariant systems

       4. Time-varying systems

8. Systems engineering education

47. Systems, man, and cybernetics

1. Behavioral science

   1. Animal behavior

   2. Cognition

   3. Consumer behavior

   4. Psychiatry

      1. Mental disorders

   5. Psychology

      1. Industrial psychology

      2. Mood

      3. Psychometric testing

2. Biological control systems

   1. Biomarkers

      1. Molecular biomarkers

3. Computational linguistics

   1. Sentiment analysis

4. Cybernetics

   1. Adaptive systems

      1. Adaptive control

      2. Line enhancers

      3. Multi-agent systems

      4. Variable structure systems

   2. Cognitive informatics

   3. Cognitive science

      1. Problem-solving

   4. Control theory

      1. Control nonlinearities

      2. Observability

   5. Decision theory

      1. Decision trees

   6. Econophysics

   7. Emergent phenomena

   8. Intelligent control

      1. Feedforward systems

      2. Neurocontrollers

   9. Linear feedback control systems

      1. Frequency locked loops

      2. Phase locked loops

      3. State feedback

      4. Tracking loops

5. Ergonomics

   1. Job design

6. Human factors

   1. Affective computing

   2. Anthropomorphism

7. Identification of persons

   1. Biometrics (access control)  

      1. Gait recognition

      2. Iris recognition

   2. Face recognition

   3. Fingerprint recognition

   4. Handwriting recognition

      1. Forgery

   5. Speaker recognition

   6. Speech recognition

      1. Automatic speech recognition

      2. Speech analysis

8. Man machine systems

   1. Interactive systems

9. Natural languages

   1. Natural language processing

      1. Morphology

      2. Sentiment analysis

10. Pervasive computing

    1. Ubiquitous computing

       1. Context-aware services

    2. Wearable computers

11. Posthuman

12. Teleworking

13. Transhuman

14. User interfaces

    1. Audio user interfaces

    2. Brain-computer interfaces

    3. Data visualization

       1. Isosurfaces

    4. Emotion recognition

    5. Exoskeletons

    6. Graphical user interfaces

       1. Avatars

    7. Human computer interaction

    8. Human-robot interaction

    9. Smart cards

48. Ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control

1. Ferroelectric materials

   1. Ferroelectric films

   2. Relaxor ferroelectrics

2. Frequency control

   1. Automatic frequency control

   2. Tunable circuits and devices

      1. RLC circuits

      2. Tuned circuits

   3. Tuning

      1. Laser tuning

      2. Optical tuning

      3. Tuners

3. Piezoelectricity

   1. Piezoelectric effect

   2. Piezoelectric polarization

4. Pyroelectricity

5. Ultrasonic imaging

   1. Ultrasonography

      1. Sonogram

6. Ultrasonic transducers

49. Vehicular and wireless technologies

1. Automotive engineering

   1. Automotive applications

   2. Automotive electronics

   3. Power steering

   4. Vehicle crash testing

   5. Vehicle detection

   6. Vehicle driving

   7. Vehicle dynamics

   8. Vehicle safety

2. Land mobile radio equipment

   1. Mobile antennas

3. Navigation

   1. Aircraft navigation

   2. Course correction

   3. Dead reckoning

   4. Inertial navigation

   5. Marine navigation

   6. Radio navigation

   7. Satellite navigation systems

      1. Global Positioning System

      2. Satellite constellations

   8. Sonar navigation

4. Propulsion

   1. Aircraft propulsion

      1. Propellers

   2. Electromagnetic launching

      1. Coilguns

      2. Railguns

   3. Electrothermal launching

   4. Rockets

5. Vehicles

   1. Land vehicles

      1. Bicycles

      2. Electric vehicles

      3. Road vehicles

   2. Remotely operated vehicles

      1. Unmanned aerial vehicles

   3. Space vehicles

      1. Space shuttles

6. Wireless sensor networks

   1. Body sensor networks

   2. Event detection