Created
June 5, 2018 21:01
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LEXICON: | |
adzena countryside | |
amitzi girl | |
aundra (relative clause marker) that | |
Chyahal (proper noun - [ˈcçaxal], takes athematic declension) | |
čála old | |
či weak | |
Fadechyu (proper noun - [faˈdɛcçu], takes -u declension) | |
Foilesil (proper noun - [foɪˈlɛsil], takes athematic declension) | |
gratitza fight | |
Hoy (proper noun - [xoɪ], takes athematic declension) | |
Hoidol (proper noun - [ˈxoɪdol]) | |
ikurine- to sleep | |
im- to be (impersonal form) | |
in- to be (note, can be dropped in present tense) | |
ivu- down | |
izmen to become | |
kair leader | |
kivitza letter | |
los (optative marker) | |
lŭma yet | |
ma however | |
má and | |
manyc- to be stupid, (in passive) to become confused | |
mind- to send | |
mulim Once... | |
nei not | |
nevtr- to name | |
nyiprkviškalyara a young child (F) | |
prg- to be sick | |
sá thus | |
sa 3SG.F.NOM | |
sie 3SG.M.ACC | |
še- that (demonstrative) | |
sevi 3SG.M.INST | |
sik- to obey | |
suv- to say | |
talas- to marry | |
Tobohvil (proper noun - [toˈboxvil], takes athematic declension) | |
tzal- to capture | |
val- to see | |
valit- to go towards | |
velaya woman | |
vesulu word | |
vue after | |
vyain 1SG.ACC.REFL | |
yaru different | |
GRAMMAR: | |
Word order is generally SOV, adjectives/genitives follow nouns. | |
Noun Declensions: | |
-a declension Singular Plural | |
Nominative Sevel-a Sevel-aia | |
Genitive Sevel-ai Sevel-ina | |
Possessive Sevel-až Sevel-aža | |
Dative Sevel-an Sevel-ana | |
Accusative Sevel-ya* Sevel-yai* | |
Ablative Sevel-ŭi Sevel-ŭiu | |
Locative Sevel-im Sevel-ima | |
Instrumental Sevel-ami Sevel-amia | |
Vocative Sevel-á Sevel-áia | |
-u declension Singular Plural | |
Nominative Hasid-u Hasid-eiu | |
Genitive Hasid-ŭi Hasid-inu | |
Possessive Hasid-iž Hasid-ižu | |
Dative Hasid-un Hasid-unu | |
Accusative Hasid-yu* Hasid-yui* | |
Ablative Hasid-ei Hasid-eie | |
Locative Hasid-im Hasid-imu | |
Instrumental Hasid-uli Hasid-uliu | |
Vocative Hasid-u Hasid-uiu | |
-i declension Singular Plural | |
Nominative Hyal-i Hyal-iyi | |
Genitive Hyal-ai Hyal-ina | |
Possessive Hyal-iž Hyal-iži | |
Dative Hyal-in Hyal-eni | |
Accusative Hyal-yi Hyal-yilli | |
Ablative Hyal-ei Hyal-eie | |
Locative Hyal-im Hyal-imi | |
Instrumental Hyal-ira Hyal-iria | |
Vocative Hyal-i Hyal-iyi | |
Athematic Singular Plural | |
Nominative Ivin Ivin-eie | |
Genitive Ivin-ai Ivin-ine | |
Possessive Ivin-iž Ivin-iži | |
Dative Ivin-en Ivin-ene | |
Accusative Ivin-ye* Ivin-yei* | |
Ablative Ivin-ei Ivin-aiu | |
Locative Ivin-im Ivin-ime | |
Instrumental Ivin-elli Ivin-ellia | |
Vocative Ivin-ine Ivin-inya | |
* Accusatives essentially involve palatalization, so with stems ending with an already palatal consonant, accusatives geminate. | |
Definiteness is marked by word final -s | |
Comparative: -[thematic vowel]r[case ending] (ex. amrna-r-ami "savory-er-INST - by that which is more savory"), for athematic it simply adds /r/ to the end. | |
Verbs: | |
Active: | |
Present Progressive Simple Past Future | |
1 S Izmen-á Izmen-in-á Izmen-aŭ Izmen-ana | |
2 S Izmen-ŭ Izmen-in-ŭ Izmen-u Izmen-una | |
3 S Izmen-é Izmen-in-é Izmen-eu Izmen-ena | |
1 Pl Izmen-áie Izmen-in-áie Izmen-aiu Izmen-aina | |
2 Pl Izmen-ŭie Izmen-in-ŭie Izmen-uiu Izmen-uina | |
3 Pl Izmen-éie Izmen-in-éie Izmen-éiu Izmen-eina | |
Passive: | |
Present Past | |
1 S Melvan-e Melvan-ei | |
2 S Melvan-ĭ Melvan-iyi | |
3 S Melvan-o Melvan-oi | |
1 Pl Melvan-elle Melvan-elli | |
2 Pl Melvan-ĭlle Melvan-illi | |
3 Pl Melvan-olle Melvan-olli | |
Az(i)- prefix for gnomic aspect or stating a fact | |
-an- goes between the root and ending for subjunctive mood, -ain- for progressive subjunctive. | |
-ar- marks a passive past participle, takes on an agreeing case marker |
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